Uricase is the enzyme responsible for the breakdown of uric acid, the key molecule leading to gout in humans, into allantoin, but it is absent in humans. It has been produced as a PEGylated pharmaceutical where the purification is performed through three sequential chromatographic columns. More recently an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) was reported that could recover Uricase with high yield a...

A new amperometric uric acid biosensor was developed by immobilizing uricase by a glutaraldehyde crosslinking procedure on polyaniline-polypyrrole (pani-ppy) composite film on the surface of a platinum electrode. Determination of uric acid was performed by the oxidation of enzymatically generated H₂O₂ at 0.4 V vs. Ag/AgCl. The linear working range of the biosensor was 2.5×10-6 - 8.5×10-5 M and ...

We propose a novel enzymatic method for assay of uric acid at 340 nm, which eliminates several disadvantages of both the colorimetric and enzymatic methods now in common use. Here, uric acid is catalytically oxidized to allantoin and hydrogen peroxide. The peroxide is reacted with ethanol in the presence of catalase to form acetaldehyde and water, and the acetaldehyde is reduced by NADH in the ...

Uric acid released from dying cells has been shown recently to act as a danger signal for the immune system, stimulating dendritic cell maturation and enhancing T-cell responses to foreign antigens. Stimulation of dendritic cell maturation by uric acid has been proposed as a mechanism by which the immune system could generate responses against tumors. We show here that uric acid levels are elev...

The biological market is increasing day by day, so the regulatory bodies are becoming more stringent to maintain the quality of the product. To meet the highest quality standards, it is necessary to assess the quality of the product, in each and every step of the bio-therapeutic drug manufacturing. Originator molecule manufactures usually define their own standards, but where as a biosimilar pr...

An acid ferric reduction procedure is described for determining serum urate with 2,4,6-tripyridyl-s-triazine at 593 nm, whereby each mole of urate reduces 4 moles of ferric ion. The procedure requires no deproteinization and as little as 20 l of serum is needed. It gives results that are linearly related to concentration to about 30 mg/dl, and it is precise (CV, 2.6%), accurate, and sensitive (...

More than three decades ago allopurinol was considered as a first line drug which regulate uric acid synthesis by inhibiting xanthine oxidase (XO) enzyme. . In addition to allopurinol, febuxostat is also used to reduce the synthesis of uric acid by inhibiting the XO enzyme and is approved by the European Medical Agency in 2008 and US FDA in 2009. . In contrast to allopurinol it acts on both red...

This study describes a modified colorimetric assay for uricase activity in flexible 96-well microtiter plates using the uricase/uric acid/horseradish peroxidase/4-aminoantipyrine/3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzene sulfonate colorimetric reaction. The utility of this assay was demonstrated in a screen for mutant uricase enzymes derived from the uricase gene of the thermophilic bacterium Bacillus subt...

Ever since Benedict (1) observed that the Dalmatian dog excreted more uric acid than the non-Dalmatian dog, various investigators have attempted to detect some anomaly in the purine metabolism of this species of animal. However, no adequate explanation has been found despite the careful studies of Wells (2) and Klemperer, Trimble, and Hastings (3). Thus the liver of the Dalmatian has been found...

Advances in protein therapy are hindered by the poor stability, inadequate pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles, and immunogenicity of many therapeutic proteins. Polyethylene glycol conjugation (PEGylation) is the most successful strategy to date to overcome these shortcomings, and more than 10 PEGylated proteins have been brought to market. However, anti-PEG antibodies induced by treatment raise seri...