Plasmodium vivax control is now being hampered by drug resistance. Orthologous Plasmodium falciparum genes linked to chloroquine or sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine chemoresistance have been identified in P. vivax parasites, but few studies have been performed. The goal of the present work is to characterise pvmdr1 and pvdhfr genes in parasite isolates from a Brazilian endemic area where no molecular ...

BACKGROUND Intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in children (IPTc) is a promising new intervention for the prevention of malaria but its delivery is a challenge. We have evaluated the coverage of IPTc that can be achieved by two different delivery systems in Ghana. METHODS IPTc was delivered by volunteers in six villages (community-based arm) and by health workers at health centres o...

Intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) to prevent malaria and adverse birth outcomes is threatened by Plasmodium falciparum resistance sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. We investigated the effectiveness of intermittent monthly dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (IPTp-DHP) as an alternative option IPTp-SP. A total 956 malaria-free (malaria rapid diagnostic t...

In recent years our efforts to control malaria successfully have been severely hampered by widespread and highlevel resistance to front-line antimalarial drugs. In 1993, Malawi had to replace chloroquine (CQ) with sulphadoxinepyrimethamine (SP) as the first-line antimalarial owing to unacceptably high rates of CQ failure. Thirteen years after this change in treatment policy, Malawi is faced wit...

The anti-Pneumocystis carinii activity of atovaquone, dapsone and sulphamethoxazole alone and combined with dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitors and macrolides was investigated against five clinical isolates of P. carinii. The susceptibility tests were performed by inoculation of the organisms on to cell monolayer and parasite count after 72 h incubation at 37 degrees C. Culture plates wer...

The eight Northeastern (NE) states sharing a significant proportion of malaria cases reported in every year from India. Nowadays, several classes of antimalarial drugs like chloroquine, sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine, combination drugs artemisinin plus sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine etc. are used for treatment of malaria cases. In NE states, several research works are going on at molecular level for ev...

Inhibitors of folic acid synthesis were compared alone and in different combinations in the therapy of pneumocystosis in immunosuppressed rats. Sulfonamides (sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine, and sulfadoxine) and sulfones (dapsone) used alone were very active against Pneumocystis carinii, as judged by histologic examination of the lungs and by organism quantitation. Improved efficacy could not be...

Molecular epidemiological investigations have uncovered the patterns of emergence and global spread of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. Malaria parasites highly resistant to chloroquine and pyrimethamine spread from Asian origins to Africa, at great cost to human health and life. If artemisinin-resistant falciparum malaria follows the same pattern, ...

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a rare and potentially fatal adverse drug reaction associated with skin rash, fever, eosinophilia, and multiple organ injury. A number of pharmacological agents are known to cause DRESS syndrome such as allopurinol, anticonvulsants, vancomycin, trimethoprime-sulfamethoxazole, and pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine. Here, we descr...