BACKGROUND Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor gamma (PPARγ), a member of nuclear receptor superfamily, comprises two isoforms in mouse. These two isoforms are encoded by different mRNAs, which are arisen by alternative promoter usage. There are two promoter regions upstream of PPARγ gene. A 3 kb fragment, containing several transcription factor binding sites, acts as PPARγ1 promoter reg...

background inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) is a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract that includes two entities, crohn`s disease (cd) and ulcerative colitis (uc). as with other complex diseases, both genetic susceptibility and environmental factors play role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. the tumor necrosis factor α (tnf-α) gene is located in the ibd3...

We have carried out a structural and functional analysis on the human NF-L (H-NF-L) gene. It contains a methylation-free island, spanning the 5' flanking sequences and the first exon and a number of neuronal-specific DNase I hypersensitive sites have been identified in the upstream region as well as within the body of the gene. Analysis in cell lines and transgenic mice using a combination of t...

Background: The micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are noncoding RNA molecules that are conserved developmentally and include usually 18-25 nucleotides. MiRNA regulates gene expression through mRNA degradation or inhibiting of its translation. These biomolecules contribute in cellular physiologic and pathologic processes and most of them may act as oncogenes or tumor inhibitors. Identification of...

We have performed an extensive mutational analysis of the proposed promoter region of the phlebovirus Uukuniemi (UUK), a member of the Bunyaviridae family. This was achieved by using a recently developed RNA polymerase I (Pol I)-driven reverse genetics system (R. Flick and R. F. Pettersson, J. Virol. 75:1643-1655, 2001). Chimeric cDNAs containing the coding region for the reporter chloramphenic...

The rice ortholog of DREB1, OsDREB1b, is transcriptionally induced by cold stress and over-expression of OsDREB1b results in increase tolerance towards high salt and freezing stress. This spatio-temporal expression of OsDREB1b is preceded by the change in chromatin structure at the promoter and the upstream region for gene activation. The promoter and the upstream region of OsDREB1b genes appea...