A large part of safety-critical embedded systems has to satisfy hard real-time constraints. These need sound methods and tools to derive reliable run-time guarantees. The guaranteed run times should not only be reliable, but also precise. The achievable precision highly depends on characteristics of the target architecture and the implementation methods and system layers of the software. Trends...

In the predictability minimization approach, input patterns are fed into a system consisting of adaptive, initially unstructured feature detectors. There are also adaptive predictors constantly trying to predict current feature detector outputs from other feature detector outputs. Simultaneously, however, the feature detectors try to become as unpredictable as possible, resulting in a co-evolut...

Return predictability may be hidden from view if the same information has different meanings at different times, especially if information is good news in one state but bad news in another. We illustrate, using price changes in industrial metals, how conclusions on stock market return predictability vary with the number of expansions and contractions in our sample. We also show how state-switch...

We consider predictability in long-horizon regression models with nonstationary predictors. The predictability is represented as the limiting form of the sum of covariances between long-horizon regressand and ...rst di¤erences of integrated covariates. Kernel-based nonparametric estimator for predictability is considered. Asymptotic mean squared errors and normality of the estimator are present...

Within the T-CREST project we work on hardware/software architectures and code-generation strategies for time-predictable embedded and cyber-physical systems. In this paper we present the single-path code generation approach that we plan to explore and implement in a compiler prototype for a timepredictable processor. Single-path code generation produces code that forces every execution to foll...

This article examines the potential to improve numerical weather prediction (NWP) by estimating upper and lower bounds on predictability by re-visiting the original study of Lorenz (1982) but applied to the most recent version of the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) forecast system, for both the deterministic and ensemble prediction systems (EPS). These bounds are cont...

The current theory of runtime enforcement is based on two properties for evaluating an enforcement mechanism: soundness and transparency. Soundness defines that the output is always good (“no bad traces slip out”) and transparency defines that good input is not changed (“no surprises on good traces”). However, in practical applications it is also important to specify how bad traces are fixed so...

We propose a novel method to study storage system predictability based on the visualization of file successor entropy, a form of conditional entropy drawn from a file access trace. First-order conditional entropy can be used as a measure o f predictability. It is superior to the more common measures such as independent likelihood of data access. For file access data, we developed a visualizatio...

The mismatch negativity (MMN), a component of event-related brain potentials (ERPs), generally reflects automatic change detection of stimulus characteristics associated with auditory sensory memory.1–2 A common way to elicit a MMN is to randomly present infrequent tonal stimuli mixed with frequent tonal stimuli. The infrequent stimuli, detected as being different from the frequent stimuli, eli...