At the heart of many recent efforts to improve Internet security are a group of security protocols such as S/MIME, TLS, and IPSec. All of these protocols rely on public-key cryptography to help provide services such as confidentiality, data integrity, data origin authentication, and non-repudiation. Support for this public-key cryptography is provided by a Public Key Infrastructure, or PKI. The...

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Fraud investigation and fraud control are entirely different processes. Similarly the auditing of a life insurance company and the issuing of life insurance policies and business quality control are not the same. Business quality control and fraud control have much in common. In this article, these similarities are explored and a case is made that companies issuing life insurance policies shoul...

A model of the equations of two dimensional problems in a half space, whose surface in free of micropolar thermoelastic medium possesses cubic symmetry as a result of a Mode-I Crack is studied. There acts an initial magnetic field parallel to the plane boundary of the half- space. The crack is subjected to prescribed temperature and stress distribution. The formulation in the context of the Lor...

1-carboxymethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride {[cmmim]cl} is utilized as a highly efficient and reusable catalyst for the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes by the condensation reaction of indole with arylaldehydes under solvent-free conditions at room temperature. in summary, the presented method have several advantages including simplicity, low cost, generality, efficiency, clean reaction profi...

Key issuing protocols deal with overcoming the two inherent problems: key escrow and secure channel requirement of the identity based cryptosystems. An efficient key issuing protocol enables the identity based cryptosystems to be more acceptable and applicable in the real world. We present a secure and efficient threshold key issuing protocol. In our protocol, neither KGC nor KPA can impersonat...