Economic load dispatch is to operate thermal generators economically with fulfilling demand. This economic problem becomes highly complex and non-linear after considering various operating constraints like valve-point loading effect, generator constraints, prohibited zone. The recently developed physics law-based artificial electric field algorithm has been applied solve ELD problems. explorati...

Alternatives to conventional rigid fusion have been proposed for several conditions related to degenerative disc disease when nonoperative treatment has failed. Semirigid fixation, in the form of dynamic stabilization or PEEK rods, is expected to provide compression under loading as well as an intermediate level of stabilization. This study systematically examines both the load-sharing characte...

Low protein intake is associated with an alteration of bone microstructure and material level properties. However, it remains unknown whether these alterations of bone tissue could influence the response to repeated mechanical loading. The authors investigated the in vitro effect of repeated loading on bone strength in humeri collected from 20 6-month-old female rats pair-fed with a control (15...