due to high surface-to-volume ratio of nanoscale structures, surface stress effects have a significant influence on their behavior. in this paper, a two-dimensional problem for an elastic layer that is bonded to a rigid substrate and subjected to an inclined concentrated line load acting on the surface of the layer is investigated based on gurtin-murdoch continuum model to consider surface stre...

the gravitational search algorithm (gsa) is a novel optimization methodbased on the law of gravity and mass interactions. it has good ability to search forthe global optimum, but its searching speed is really slow in the last iterations. sothe hybridization of particle swarm optimization (pso) and gsa can resolve theaforementioned problem. in this paper, a modified pso, which the movement ofpar...

experiments were carried out to observe the influence of loading type on concrete beam specimens. beam specimens made of similar concrete mixture with the same geometry were tested under three point static loading and low velocity drop weight impact loading. load – displacement behavior, absorbed energy dissipation capacity, stiffnesses, failure modes of beam specimens were obtained and discuss...

Valve-point loading affects the input-output characteristics of generating units, bringing the fuel costs nonlinear and nonsmooth. This has been considered in the solution of load dispatch problems, but not in the planning phase of unit commitment. This paper presents a mathematical optimization model for the thermal unit commitment problem considering valve-point loading. The formulation is ba...

in this research, softening and ratcheting behaviors of ck20 alloy steel cylindrical shells were studied under displacement-control and force-control cyclic axial loading and the behavior of hysteresis curves of specimens was also investigated. experimental tests were performed by a servo-hydraulic instron 8802 machine. the mechanical properties of specimens were determined according to astm e8...

A framework for development of constitutive models based on semi-micromechanical aspects of plasticity is proposed. The resulting of this model for material employed friction type failure criterion, sub-loading surface, and associated flow rule. This model is capable of predicting effects of the rotation of principal stress/strain axes and consequent plastic flow, induced anisotropy of strength...

a parametric study is performed to assess the influence of the tension reinforcement index, ( ω = ρ fy /f bc), and the bending moment distribution (loading type) on the ultimate deformation characteristics of reinforced concrete (rc) beams. the analytical results for 15 simply supported beams with different amounts of tension reinforcement ratio under three different loading conditions are pres...