The diode-laser absorption technique was applied for simultaneous velocity and temperature measurements of an argon plume exhausted by an arcjet. The Ar I absorption line at 811.531 nm was taken as the center absorption line. The velocity and the temperature were derived from the Doppler shift in the absorption profiles and the full width at half-maximum of the plume absorption profile, respect...

This study evaluates the role of shock wave motion on the instability of the plume exiting an over-expanded, convergent-divergent nozzle. An array of wall pressure transducers was used to track the position of the shock in time, and a Pitot probe was used to obtain simultaneous measurement of the total pressure fluctuations at various points in the jet that emerges from the separation shock. An...

in this study, a one-dimensional model called dyresm was used to simulate the thermal structure and artificial destratification of 15-khordad reservoir over a period of one year. the simulation showed that the reservoir is warm monomictic and is stratified during 210 days of the simulation year. the model reproduced the temperature of the meta- and hypolimnion very close to the observed data, b...

Electrosurgery, laser ablation, and ultrasonic scalpel dissection create a gaseous by-product commonly referred to as surgical smoke or plume. Smoke evacuation devices have been shown to be effective in limiting exposure to the noxious odor and potential health hazards of smoke and plume; however, these devices have not been used routinely and consistently in many ORs. This article reviews five...

The flight pattern of mated female navel orangeworm moths, Amyelois transitella (Walker), responding to odour from potential larval hosts is zigzagging upwind flight However, at times these moths are capable of flying nearly directly upwind towards the odour source (track angles near 0') This response indicates that these females are capable of very accurate anemotactic control of their heading...

An air pollution plume from Southern and Eastern Asia, including regions in India and China, was predicted by the FLEXPART particle dispersion model to arrive in the upper troposphere over Europe on 24–25 March 2006. According to the model, the plume was exported from Southeast Asia six days earlier, transported into the upper troposphere by a warm conveyor belt, and travelled to Europe in a fa...

The Deep Impact probe collided with 9P Tempel 1 at an angle of about 30◦ from the horizontal. This impact angle produced an evolving ejecta flow field very similar to much smaller scale oblique-impact experiments in porous particulate targets in the laboratory. Similar features and phenomena include a decoupled vapor/dust plume at the earliest times, a pronounced downrange bias of the ejecta, a...

Olfactory-based mechanisms have been hypothesized for biological behaviors including foraging, mateseeking, homing, and host-seeking. Typically, olfactorybased mechanisms proposed for biological entities combine a large-scale orientation behavior based in part on olfaction with a multisensor local search in the vicinity of the source. Long-range olfactory based search is documented in moths at ...

The Lunar CRater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS) mission was designed to search for evidence of water in a permanently shadowed region near the lunar south pole. An instrumented Shepherding Spacecraft followed a kinetic impactor and provided--from a nadir perspective--the only images of the debris plume. With independent observations of the visible debris plume from a more oblique vi...

The most important and challenging feat of navigation for many animals is locating important resources by tracking fluid-borne chemicals. As molecules of a source dissolve into flowing air or water they form a patchy turbulent plume which results in the intermittent stimulation required by many odor tracking animals. Most animals need two pieces of information to track a plume: (1) the presence...