BACKGROUND Several laser technologies exist for improving rhytides, pigmentation, and skin texture. Recent advances in technology introduced a new wavelength, 2,790 nm, erbium:yttrium-scandium-galium-garnet (Er:YSGG) for treatment of photoaging. 2,790 nm Er:YSGG has a water absorption coefficient between CO(2) laser and Er:YAG laser and has both ablative and fractional-ablative capabilities. ...

Photoaging of the skin depends primarily on the degree of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and on an amount of melanin in the skin (skin phototype). In addition to direct or indirect DNA damage, UVR activates cell surface receptors of keratinocytes and fibroblasts in the skin, which leads to a breakdown of collagen in the extracellular matrix and a shutdown of new collagen synthesis. It is hypothesi...

We investigated the alterations of major fatty acid components in epidermis by natural aging and photoaging processes, and by acute ultraviolet (UV) irradiation in human skin. Interestingly, we found that 11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid (ETA), which is one of the omega-3 polyunsaturated acids, was significantly increased in photoaged human epidermis in vivo and also in the acutely UV-irradiated hu...

At the beginning, probiotics were used exclusively for gastrointestinal conditions. However, over the years, evidence has shown that probiotics exert systemic effects. In this review article, we will summarize recent reports that postulate probiotic treatment as an efficient one against skin pathologies, such as cancer, allergy, photoaging and skin infections. The focus will be restricted to or...

Ginseng is now used worldwide as a traditional Oriental medicine. Ginsenosides, alsoknown as ginseng saponins, are responsible for most pharmacological efficacies of ginseng.This work aimed to assess the novel skin anti-photoaging potential of ginsenoside Re (Re), aprotopanaxatriol-type ginsenoside, by analyzing reactive oxygen species (ROS), pro-matrixmetalloproteinase-2 (proMMP-2) and -9 (pro...

Ginseng is now used worldwide as a traditional Oriental medicine. Ginsenosides, alsoknown as ginseng saponins, are responsible for most pharmacological efficacies of ginseng.This work aimed to assess the novel skin anti-photoaging potential of ginsenoside Re (Re), aprotopanaxatriol-type ginsenoside, by analyzing reactive oxygen species (ROS), pro-matrixmetalloproteinase-2 (proMMP-2) and -9 (pro...

As a natural flavonoid compound, rutin could scavenge free radicals effectively to achieve remarkable antioxidant and anti-photoaging activity. Unfortunately, the extremely low water solubility of often leads poor percutaneous permeability unsatisfactory bioavailability, which has greatly restricted its clinical application. In this study, novel freeze-dried nanocrystal was developed improve sa...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To describe the introduction and use of intense pulsed light (IPL) to treat vascular and pigmented lesions comprising photorejuvenation and its use in photodynamic therapy. METHODS Review of the medical literature and the authors' experience with IPL. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS IPL is an excellent treatment modality for vascular and pigmented manifestations of photoagi...

BACKGROUND The fermented leaves and stems of Cyclopia intermedia are used to brew honeybush tea, an herbal tea indigenous to South Africa with reported anti-wrinkle effects. Wrinkle formation caused by photoaging clearly involves changes in extracellular matrix components and mechanical properties of the skin. METHODS The inhibitory effects of honeybush extract and fermented honeybush on wrin...