The Philippine government spent around 17 percent of GDP in 2004. A huge part of this expenditure, however, goes to debt servicing. At present, total public debt is 109.8 percent of GDP. With what is left, only one percent is spent for health and three percent for education. With such budget constraint, it is important to examine the efficiency of spending on social services as small changes ca...

—We describe a new species of Luperosaurus from the Luzon faunal region, northern Philippines. The new species is most similar to, and has long been confused with, Luperosaurus cumingii from Luzon Island but differs from this and all other Luperosaurus by numerous characters of scalation, color pattern, and a suite of variables related to its small body size. The new species has been recorded a...

In this paper, we present our collective effort to gather, annotate, and model various language resources for use in different research projects. This includes those that are available online such as tweets, Wikipedia articles, game chat, online radio, and religious text. The different applications, issues and directions are also discussed in the paper. Future works include developing a languag...

Historically, the fact that the people of Mindanao and Sulu were able to successfully resist all attempts to subjugate them only increased the obsession of the Spanish colonial government and of the church hierarchy to conquer the south and to convert the people to Catholicism. Thus was created the "Moro Problem" which, in the mind of colonial officials, was simply the problem of creating effec...