Sex differences in adrenal cortex structure and function are well known in different species. In the rat, they are manifested as larger adrenal cortex and higher corticosterone secretion by females compared with males. These sex differences depend, among others, on functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA). In this aspect, it is widely accepted that testosterone exerts an inh...

The receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL; also known as tumor necrosis factor-related activation-induced cytokine [TRANCE], osteoprotegerin ligand [OPGL], and osteoclast differentiation factor [ODF]) is a transmembrane ligand expressed in osteoblasts and bone marrow stromal cells. It binds to RANK, which is expressed in osteoclast progenitor cells, and induces osteoclastoge...

Doolen, Suzanne, Diana N. Krause, and Sue P. Duckles. Estradiol modulates vascular response to melatonin in rat caudal artery. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 45): H1281–H1288, 1999.—The purpose of this study was to determine whether estrogen modulates the function of vascular melatonin receptors. We used the rat caudal artery and found that the contractile effects of melatonin were i...

It is well known that the incidence of urinary stones is higher in men than women. Although it is believed that the lower incidence of urinary stones in women is due to a protective effect of estrogen, the mechanisms remain unclear. To clarify the relation between female sex hormones and stone matrix protein, we examined the interaction of estrogen receptor-α (ERα), estrogen receptor-related re...

Masculinization and feminization of rat sexual behavior has been supposed to occur during a short postnatal period. However, much data have made it evident that these processes may continue until adolescence. In the present study, we evaluated whether androgen treatment females from day 20 onwards could alter motivation in male direction. Juveniles were ovariectomized on concurrently implanted ...

BACKGROUND The fracture healing is impaired in osteoporosis. Piper sarmentosum is a plant, which contains potent antioxidant, naringenin that may enhance fracture healing. The present histological study aimed to determine the effects of water extract of Piper sarmentosum on the late phase of fracture healing in estrogen-deficient rats. METHODS Twenty four female Sprague-Dawley rats (200-250 g...

PURPOSE Investigators are currently conducting phase II trials on TAS-108, a novel oral steroidal antiestrogenic agent. The purpose of this study is to investigate the molecular and pharmacologic properties of TAS-108 compared with other antiestrogenic agents such as tamoxifen,raloxifene, and fulvestrant. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The antagonistic or agonistic activities of these agents against bot...

The aberrant differentiation of osteoclasts is a key feature the pathogenesis osteoporosis, which has devastating impact on human health. While effects Orientin (Ori) particularly RANKL-stimulated osteoclast production and activation, remain still unclear, Ori been found to display several biological activities, including antioxidant anti-inflammatory. In this work, we investigated possible pat...