Silica scaling is one of the major challenges in Reverse Osmosis (RO). The safe operation practice to keep silica concentration below 150 mg/L RO concentrate. This study addresses effects divalent cations such as calcium and magnesium on a seawater installation used pretreatment Eutectic Freeze Crystallisation (EFC). Results showed that absence antiscalant sustained approximately 280 concentrat...

Reverse osmosis membrane (RO) is becoming a most popular instrument to desalinate seawater as a result of new developments in membrane technology. The critical factor governing successful long-term reverse osmosis (RO) in desalination plants is fouling caused by the turbidity of seawater, such as by suspended solids, sparingly soluble salts, or biological growth. To reduce the turbidity, the se...

Problem Statement: Sanitary landfilling is the most common way to eliminate solid urban wastes. An important problem associated to landfills is the production of leachates. This study is a review of landfill leachate treatments. Approach: The advantages and disadvantages of the various existing leachate treatments discussed under the items: (i) Leachate channeling (combined treatment with domes...

Abstract Polyamide composite reverse osmosis (RO) membranes occupy an important position in water treatment. However, membrane fouling, especially biofouling, can lead to a significant decrease permeability. Therefore, reducing biological contamination is and property of RO membrane. In this article, hypothesis on the development new kind for antibacterial purposes was prepared by modification ...

Sustainable Development Goals merupakan agenda pembangunan berkelanjutan dimana salah satu tujuannya berisikan tentang penyediaan akses air bersih dan sanitasi layak untuk semua. Prinsip SDGs adalah “Leave No One Behind” tidak ada satupun orang yang tertinggal keterlibatan maupun manfaat dari diterapkannya tujuan SDGs. Kampung Malahing daerah di Indonesia mana sumber bersihnya terbatas. berdiri...

Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) is gaining acceptance for modern control systems in various applications daily life including the Chemical process industry. Above all, application of AI increasing field membrane-based treatment where it shows great potential until now. Membrane separations are generally recognized as energy-efficient processes. In particular, membrane desalination, forwar...

The nutrient-rich liquid stream produced during the dewatering of digested biomass (i.e., the centrate) is commonly mixed with the influent raw wastewater at wastewater treatment facilities. This increases the nitrogen and phosphorus loading on biological processes, increases operating costs, and in some cases, results in increased nutrient concentrations in the final effluent. Forward osmosis ...

Forward osmosis (FO) is a membrane separation technology that has been studied in recent years for application in water treatment and desalination. It can best be utilized as an advanced pretreatment for desalination processes such as reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) to protect the membranes from scaling and fouling. In the current study the rejection of trace organic compounds (TOr...

Vacuum-enhanced direct contact membrane distillation (VEDCMD) and forward osmosis (FO) were investigated for water recovery enhancement in desalination of brackish water. Past studies have demonstrated that both VEDCMD and FO can be effectively utilized in the treatment of a wide range of highly concentrated feed solutions. In the current study, two reverse osmosis (RO) brine streams with total...

When an isotonic suspension of human erythrocytes was subjected to a rapid temperature jump (heating time of 2 mus), the following phenomena were observed. Although a jump of 0.05 degrees caused no visible damage to the cell membranes, it facilitated the permeation of [3H]glucose into the cells. A jump of 0.5 degrees induced a hemolysis of the cells. The hemolysis was accompanied by extensive a...