Maximum likelihood or restricted maximum likelihood (REML) estimates of the parameters in linear mixed-effects models can be determined using the lmer function in the lme4 package for R. As for most model-fitting functions in R, the model is described in an lmer call by a formula, in this case including both fixedand random-effects terms. The formula and data together determine a numerical repr...

College of science and engineering, College of electronic information engineering, Qiongzhou University, Sanya Hainan 572022, China. [email protected], [email protected] Abstract. The Vague optimization method sorted out is a special case of the pattern recognition method of the Vague set. Its specific application steps are as follows: ○1the set-up of characters to determine the evaluation; ○2th...

Salsa is an invariant checker for speci cations in SAL (the SCR Abstract Language). To establish a formula as an invariant without any user guidance Salsa carries out an induction proof that utilizes tightly integrated decision procedures, currently a combination of BDD algorithms and a constraint solver for integer linear arithmetic, for discharging the veri cation conditions. The user interfa...

An ultra wideband impulse radio (UWB-IR) system can be extremely distorted through a channel even for free-space transmission because of antenna dispersion. This highly degrades the link budget performance. Therefore, the understand of antenna characteristics, which effects on waveform distortion, is necessary. This paper studies the waveform distortion due to antenna on free space transmission...

In this note, we use a natural desingularization of the conormal variety of the variety of (n × n)-symmetric matrices of rank at most r to find a general formula for the algebraic degree in semidefinite programming. 1. The algebraic degree in semidefinite programming Let P be a general projective space of symmetric (n×n)−matrices up to scalar multiples, and let Yr ⊂ P m be the subvariety of mat...

Salsa is an invariant checker for speci cations in SAL (the SCR Abstract Language). To establish a formula as an invariant without any user guidance Salsa carries out an induction proof that utilizes tightly integrated decision procedures, currently a combination of BDD algorithms and a constraint solver for integer linear arithmetic, for discharging the veri cation conditions. The user interfa...

16 negative occurrences of various connectives and quantiiers. Herbrandization will always work for a class of formulas that does not admit an LJ impermutability R1/R2, where an existential quantiier can govern the principal formula of R2, and the principal formula of R1 contains a universally quantiied subformula. For example, Herbrandization fails for the class of hereditary Harrop formulas M...

Aged garlic has been reported to possess beneficial pharmacological activities, including anti-stress and anti-fatigue properties, and to exert protective effects on the cardiovascular system and liver. Pine needles are widely used in folk medicine and as food additives owing to their pharmacological properties such as anti-aging and anti-inflammatory effects. It has long been known that combin...