In spite of extensive research, the mechanism by which MutS initiates DNA mismatch repair (MMR) remains controversial. We use atomic force microscopy (AFM) to capture how MutS orchestrates the first step of E. coli MMR. AFM images captured two types of MutS/DNA complexes: single-site binding and loop binding. In most of the DNA loops imaged, two closely associated MutS dimers formed a tetrameri...

The RecJ exonuclease from Escherichia coli degrades single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) in the 5'-3' direction and participates in homologous recombination and mismatch repair. The experiments described here address RecJ's substrate requirements and reaction products. RecJ complexes on a variety of 5' single-strand tailed substrates were analyzed by electrophoretic mobility shift in the absence of Mg2+...

This paper presents a method for the onchip measurement and correction of gain errors, offsets and non-linearities of a Track-and-Hold circuit (T&H) of an ADC. Open-loop T&H circuits will be considered in this paper because of their high-speed and low-power capabilities. However, these open-loop circuits require calibration for the aforementioned errors in order to achieve a high accuracy, espe...

Background: Chronic kidney disease as a major health problem can create physical, psychological, economic, and social problems for patients and generally affect their quality of life. However, health beliefs and behaviors of these patients can affect their health condition too. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the quality of life and health locus of control be...

Equilibria are determined for the two-locus model in a partially selfing population when one locus is neutral and the other locus is heterotic. At an equilibrium point, the frequency of heterozygotes at the neutral locus is greater than that expected from one-locus theory, even if the heterotic locus is on a different chromosome. Thus, the neutral locus also appears to be heterotic. The magnitu...

The yeast genome encodes four proteins (Pms1 and Mlh1-3) homologous to the bacterial mismatch repair component, MutL. Using two hybrid-interaction and coimmunoprecipitation studies, we show that these proteins can form only three types of complexes in vivo. Mlh1 is the common component of all three complexes, interacting with Pms1, Mlh2, and Mlh3, presumptively as heterodimers. The phenotypes o...

We describe the Hodge theory of brilliant families K3 surfaces. Their characteristic feature is a close link between structures any two fibres over points in Noether–Lefschetz locus. Twistor deformations, analytic Tate–Šafarevič group, and certain one-dimensional Shimura special cycles are covered by theory. In this setting, Brauer group viewed as locus family or specialization loci approaching...

Since their introduction by Partee and Rooth (1983) into linguistic theory, type shifting principles have been extensively employed in various linguistic domains, including nominal predicates (Partee 1987), kind denoting NPs (Chierchia 1998), interrogatives (Groenendijk and Stokhof 1989), scrambled definites (De Hoop and Van der Does 1998) and plurals (Winter 2001,2002). Most of the accounts th...

386 students (181 female and 205 male) were selected randomly and asked to complete a demographic data sheet. rutter's internal and external locus of control and the beck depression inventory. data were analyzed by t-test and analysis of variance (anova). the results revealed, that 28% of students exhibited external locus of control, whereas, 72% exhibited internal locus of control. the me...

DNA duplexes with or without mismatches and with or without adenine-methylated GATC sequences were prepared from separated strands of bacteriophage A DNA and used to transfect Escherichia cofi. Unmethylated heteroduplexes containing one or more repairable mismatches transfect cells with a functioning mismatch repair system less efficiently than they transfect cells deficient in mismatch repair....