Different mutant amino acids in the Ras proteins lead to distinct transforming capacities and different aggressiveness in human tumors. K-Ras Asp12 (K12D) is more prevalent in benign than in malignant human colorectal tumors, whereas K-Ras Val12 (K12V) associates with more advanced and metastatic carcinomas, higher recurrence and decreased survival. Here, we tested, in a nude mouse xenograft mo...

In order to identify the potential pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) developing from cirrhosis, a microarray‑based transcriptome profile was analyzed. The GSE63898 expression profile was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, which included data from 228 HCC tissue samples and 168 cirrhotic tissue samples. The Robust Multi‑array Average in the Affy package of R was u...

The defective acute leukemia viruses avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) and E26 virus each contain an inserted cellular sequence related to the same highly conserved cellular gene, proto-amv. The oncogenes of these two retroviruses differ from this cellular proto-oncogene in gene structure, transcript structure, and gene product. The product of the AMV oncogene (myb) is a 48,000 Mr protein, p48my...

Receptors for the scatter factors HGF and MSP that are encoded by the MET and RON oncogenes are key players in invasive growth. Receptor cross-talk between Met and Ron occurs. Amplification of the MET oncogene results in kinase activation, deregulated expression of an invasive growth phenotype, and addiction to MET oncogene signaling (i.e., dependency on sustained Met signaling for survival and...

Receptors for the scatter factors HGF and MSP that are encoded by the MET and RON oncogenes are key players in invasive growth. Receptor cross-talk betweenMet and Ron occurs. Amplification of theMET oncogene results in kinase activation, deregulated expression of an invasive growth phenotype, and addiction to MET oncogene signaling (i.e., dependency on sustained Met signaling for survival and p...

Protein phosphorylation regulates a diverse range of cellular processes. A rapidly growing area of interest in the study of protein phosphorylation is the regulation of cellular growth through phosphorylation of key nuclear proteins. The growing list of such nuclear 'effector' proteins includes proto-oncogene products that function as transcription factors as well as tumour suppressor proteins ...

Hanahan and Weinberg have proposed the 'hallmarks of cancer' to cover the biological changes required for the development and persistence of tumours [Hanahan and Weinberg (2011) Cell 144, 646-674]. We have noted that many of these cancer hallmarks are facilitated by the multifunctional protein YB-1 (Y-box-binding protein 1). In the present review we evaluate the literature and show how YB-1 mod...

Stem cells are thought to balance self-renewal and differentiation through asymmetric and symmetric divisions, but whether such divisions occur during hematopoietic development remains unknown. Using a Notch reporter mouse, in which GFP acts as a sensor for differentiation, we image hematopoietic precursors and show that they undergo both symmetric and asymmetric divisions. In addition we show ...

The int-3 oncogene was identified as a frequent target in Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV)-induced mammary carcinomas and encodes the intracellular domain of a novel mouse Notch gene. To investigate the role of the int-3 proto-oncogene in mouse development and carcinogenesis, we isolated cDNA clones corresponding to the entire coding potential of the int-3 proto-oncogene. We propose to name thi...

The rapid advances in the molecular biology and genetics have improved the understanding of molecular pathogenesis of v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF), feline sarcoma viral oncogene v-kit (KIT), and neuroblastoma v-Ras oncogene homolog (NRAS) mutant melanomas with the subsequent development of targeted therapeutic agents. However, only limited data are available for melanoma...