Facial palsy resulting from loss of the intracranial portion of the facial nerve has been reconstructed traditionally by transferring motor axons from the hypoglossal nerve to the facial nerve.1–4 This approach can reinnervate the facial muscles if it is done before these muscles have undergone irreversible atrophy, eliminating the need for a free-muscle transfer. The two major disadvantages of...

The lumbar paraspinal muscles were examined by surface electromyography (EMG) in 22 patients with low back pain and 22 healthy volunteers. Surface electrodes were placed bilaterally on the lumbar multifidus and longissimus muscles at the level of the spinous process of the third lumbar vertebra. Kinesiologic EMG was recorded, in standing resting position, during the following trunk motions: tru...

One 57-year-old lady with uncontrolled hypertension and right-side pupil-sparing oculomotor palsy visited our emergency department. Computed tomographic angiography revealed right-side persistent primitive trigeminal artery. Her symptoms dramatically improved after her blood pressure went under control. To our knowledge, this is the first case report that describes the relation between blood pr...

Oculomotor function critically depends on how signals representing saccade direction and eye position are combined across neurons in the lateral intraparietal (LIP) area of the posterior parietal cortex. Here we show that populations of parietal neurons exhibit correlated variability, and that using these interneuronal correlations yields oculomotor predictions that are more accurate and also l...

Optometry & Vision Development ABSTRACT Individuals with traumatic brain injury present with a constellation of oculomotor dysfunctions and correlated symptoms. Simple and effective clinical oculomotor-based training procedures will be presented with respect to the versional, vergence, and accommodative systems, and their interactions. These therapeutic procedures can also be applied as needed ...

One of the main functions of the oculomotor system in vertebrates and most invertebrates is to keep the image of the world relatively still on the retina [1,2]. Eye re-locations are often rapid gaze shifts or ‘saccades’ which move the eyes with high velocity in order to minimise the period during which the image is destabilised [2]. Here, we describe unusual drifting eye movements in a small te...

Joubert syndrome (JS) is a rare autosomal dominant gene disorder that heterogeneously inherited and manifests itself as hypotonia, ataxia, breathing abnormalities, developmental delay, intellectual disabilities, oculomotor apraxia, brain malformation [1-3].

Ophthalmopathy related to thyroid disease is due mainly to diffuse periorbital or eye muscle inflammation. It is more common in Grave’s hyperthyroidism and rare in Hashimoto’s hypothyroidism. Here we report a case of recurrent oculomotor nerve palsy associated with autoimmune hypothyroidism. Brain MRI revealed enhancement of the oculomotor nerves. Despite thyroid hormone replacement therapy, oc...

The mammalian oculomotor nucleus receives a strong γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic synaptic input, whereas such projections have rarely been reported in fish. In order to determine whether this synaptic organization is preserved across vertebrates, we investigated the GABAergic projections to the oculomotor nucleus in the goldfish by combining retrograde transport of biotin dextran amine, injec...