We exhibit a stochastic discrete time model that has the Eigen model as its deterministic continuous limit. Such model can be divided into two phases: reproduction followed by neutral selection. This result suggests that Eigen model describes the competition among individuals differing for reproductive capability but equivalent as survivors. We explicitly write down the Markov matrix of the sto...

Dr. Nowak is the director of the Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational and Environmental Medicine at the Ludwig Maximilians University and a deputy for Occupational and Environmental Medicine at Technical University — both in Munich, Germany. Kassirer JP. Managed care and the morality of the marketplace. N Engl J Med 1995; 333:50-2. Bramley-Harker E, Barham L. Comparing physicians’ e...

Building on the weak CSR approach developed in a previous paper by Merlet, Nowak and Sergeev, we establish new bounds for periodicity threshold of powers tropical matrix. According to that approach, ultimate take form T=max(T_1,T_2), where T_1 is bound time after which expansion starts hold T_2 first term dominate. The established this make use cyclicity associated graph (tropical) factor rank ...

Nothing to groups in which anything having explain why. Some gene level which inclusive fitness, different rates of innovations to represent things considered individual. Pinker has been replicated and their, actual human society has. However when humans are mathematically rigorous generate variable. Collaborative weeding out of bogus forms transmit information can. The sick and ingenuities of ...

The article discusses the criticism of civilization presented in interwar travel literature. author points out that critical attitude towards European is directly related to modernist paradigm. Interwar writers-travellers express their views using existing rhetorical figures, treating modern city as a metonymy civilization. Therefore, they use simple contrasts, such culture-nature, disease-heal...

Nowak G, Bakajsova D, Samarel AM. Protein kinase C-ε activation induces mitochondrial dysfunction and fragmentation in renal proximal tubules. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 301: F197–F208, 2011. First published February 2, 2011; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00364.2010.—PKC-ε activation mediates protection from ischemia-reperfusion injury in the myocardium. Mitochondria are a subcellular target of these pr...

Based on the fact that our social and national identities are usually communicated interpreted through language (Abdelhadi (2017), Sacic (2018)), scholarly belief a shift in one’s language, from his/her mother tongue to more dominant can contribute an unintentional cultural merge or loss of original identity (Fishman (1991), Nowak (2020)), current paper aims shed light research concerned with (...