Aging and skeletal muscle ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury leads to decreased contractile force generation that increases severely with age. Our studies show that glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) protein expression is significantly decreased at 3 and 5 days reperfusion in the young mouse muscle and at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days in the aged muscle. Using PCR, we have shown that GAPDH m...

Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by selective degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Long-term systemic mitochondrial complex I inhibition by rotenone induces selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in rats. We have reported dopamine redistribution from vesicles to the cytosol to play a crucial role in selective dopaminergic cell ...

Several studies have suggested that exposure to hyperoxia causes lung injury through increased generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of hyperoxia exposure on protein nitration in lungs. Rats were exposed to hyperoxia (>95%) for 48, 60, and 72 h. Histopathological analysis showed a dramatic change in the severity of lung injury...

Nitric oxide (•NO) is a free radical which exerts myriad of functions in the physiology higher plants either under physiological and environmental stress conditions. NO, derived molecules designated as reactive nitrogen species (RNS), can mediate posttranslational modifications (PTMs) proteins affect their functionality. Among these NO/RNS-derived PTMs, it be highlighted S-nitrosation, metal ni...

The crystalline cyclic oligosaccharide γ-cyclodextrin (γCD) is a natural, non-toxic and biodegradable precursor that can be used to prepare innovative polymers. We cross-linked γCD with variable quantities of polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) in aqueous NaOH form 3D structures tunable physicochemical properties. Mixtures 5 : 1 PEGDGE:γCD molar ratio produced material was soluble wat...

It is known that the fluoro group has only a small effect on the rates of electrophilic aromatic substitutions. Imagine instead a carbon-fluorine (C-F) bond positioned tightly over the π cloud of an aryl ring-such an orthogonal, noncovalent arrangement could instead stabilize a positively charged arene intermediate or transition state, giving rise to novel electrophilic aromatic substitution ch...

There is increasing evidence that sequence-specific formation of 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) may cause functional changes in target proteins. Recently, the nitration of Tyr residues in glycogen phosphorylase b (Ph-b) was implicated in the age-associated decline of protein function [Sharov et al., Exp. Gerontol. 41 (2006) 407-416]; in another report, the nitration of one specific residue, Tyr613, loc...

We investigated whether nitration of surfactant apoprotein (SP) A alters its ability to bind to mannose-containing saccharides on Pneumocystis carinii and its potential role in the mediation of P. carinii adherence to alveolar macrophages. Human SP-A was nitrated by incubation with tetranitromethane at pH 8.0 or synthetic peroxynitrite (ONOO-) at pH 7.4, which resulted in significant nitration ...

The Notch signaling pathway appears to perform an important function in inflammation. Here, we present evidence to suggest that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) suppresses Notch signaling via the direct modification of Notch by the nitration of tyrosine residues in macrophages. In the RAW264.7 macrophage cell line and in rat primary alveolar macrophages, LPS was found to inhibit Notch1 intracellular do...