Kiswahili is a foreign language (FL) in Uganda. Formally, the teaching of begins lower secondary phase. In this phase, had been taught for many years without an authorised syllabus. Nonetheless, 2008, government Uganda launched existing grammatical syllabus (hereafter, 2008 syllabus). It should be noted that, while standard among aims postulated syllabus, information and topics regarding, examp...

Both experimental and ethnographic studies show that reciprocal exchanges (in which actors unilaterally provide benefits to each other without formal agreements) produce stronger trust than negotiated exchanges secured by binding agreements. We develop the theoretical role of risk and uncertainty as causal mechanisms that potentially explain these results, and then test their effects in two lab...