OBJECTIVE In this study, we evaluated subcutaneous (sc) morphine in combination with multimodal analgesia for postoperative pain control after radical nephrectomy and pyeloplasty with flank incision. METHODS Forty-nine patients under The American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification (ASA) I-III aged 18-85 years undergoing radical nephrectomy and pyeloplasty with flank i...

We reported previously that nitrous oxide induces pre-emptive analgesia that is partially antagonized by naloxone and totally antagonized by halothane. The aims of this study were to determine if halothane and isoflurane are similar in this respect and to examine if volatile anaesthetics antagonize the analgesic effect of exogenous opioids. We found that 75% nitrous oxide prolonged tail-flick l...

Morphine hydrochloride 0.4 mg was administered with isobaric 0.5% bupivacaine intrathecally for orthopaedic surgery and produced good analgesia for about 24 h after operation in both elderly (60-80 yr) and middle-aged patients (30-50 yr). Morphine 0.2 mg (older patients only) was not as effective in preventing pain after operation, but even this dose postponed the requirement for analgesia. Mor...

introduction: in order to study the alterations of beta 1 and 2 integrins mrna level in rat lumbar spinal cord following the induction of chronic pain and its effect on the development of tolerance to morphine analgesia, we examined the level of expression of these genes in the presence of chronic pain, which is an inhibitor of morphine tolerance. we used induction of chronic pain alone and in ...

BACKGROUND This study was designed to assess the postoperative analgesic effect of low-dose intrathecal morphine after scoliosis surgery in children. METHODS Thirty children, 9-19 yr of age, scheduled for spinal fusion, were randomly allocated into three groups to receive a single dose of 0 (saline injection), 2, or 5 microg/kg intrathecal morphine. After surgery, a patient-controlled analges...

Background: Previous studies have indicated that administration of saffron extract could induced reward and reduces morphine reward as investigated by place preference and behavioral sensitization in male and female mice. In the present study, the effects of water extract of Crocus sativus on the acquisition and expression of tolerance to morphine-induced hyperalgesia in female N-MRI mice (20-...

introduction: the selective medication for pain control in many clinical situations is morphine but its complications prevent its widespread use. ketamine has been introduced as an alternative for morphine in some studies. however, the efficacy of its solitary use has not yet been evaluated. therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of ketamine alone in relieving pain i...

pain control is a major concern in post-thoracotomy patients. the current prospective randomized double-blind study was designed to evaluate the analgesic effects of morphine and fentanyl given interpleurally after posterolateral thoracotomy. thirty patients undergoing elective posterolateral thoracotomy in a teaching hospital in tehran were divided into 3 groups with equal number of patients. ...

it has been shown that stress and chronic pain could prevent the development of tolerance to morphine analgesia, which appears to be related to the activation of hypothalamus–pitutitary–adrenal (hpa) axis, activation of neuroendocrine systems and changes in neurochemical levels. moreover, the involvement of nitric oxide (no) in the development of tolerance to morphine analgesia has been implica...