The readout chip for the CMS pixel detector has to deal with an enormous data rate. On-chip zero suppression is inevitable and hit data must be buffered locally during the latency of the first level trigger. Dead-time must be kept at a minimum. It is dominated by contributions coming from the readout. To keep it low an analog readout scheme has been adopted where pixel addresses are analog code...

A high data rate, low power on-chip link in 28nm CMOS is presented. It features a double-sampling receiver with dynamic offset modulation and a capacitively-driven transmitter. The functionality of the link was validated using 4-7mm minimum-pitch on-chip wires. It achieves up to 20Gb/s of data rate (13.9Gb/s/μm) with BER< 10−12. It has better than 136fJ/b of power efficiency at 10Gb/s. The tota...

The formation of droplets in microchannels (droplet microfluidics) has a large number applications, such as micro-dosing and gas meters. This paper considers the dynamics direct inverse emulsions based on water, polydimethylsiloxane, synthetic mineral oil microfluidic chips two technologies: glass–parafilm–glass sandwich structures removable scaffold silicone compound. It is shown that wettabil...

Abstract. In this paper, the first steps towards integrating a mass sensing system into an existing miniaturized ceramic DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) chip are presented. A vibration setup is developed based on mass-dependent change in frequency of as oscillating cantilever. simulation model reveals that resolution measurement can be improved by reducing thickness. study, different me...

Independent spanning trees (ISTs) provide a number of advantages in data broadcasting. One can cite the use in fault tolerance network protocols for distributed computing and bandwidth. However, the problem of constructing multiple ISTs is considered hard for arbitrary graphs. In this paper we present an efficient algorithm to construct ISTs on hypercubes that requires minimum resources to be p...

Purpose: Comparing the optical coherence tomography (OCT) pachymetry patterns in keratoconus suspect and normal people Methods: Thirty-two keratoconus suspects and 36 healthy eyes were selected within the age range of 20-30 yrs. Their pachymetry pattern was obtained through OCT Visante in the minimum thickness spot, upper and lower corneal difference (I-S), lower temporal, and upper nasal thick...

This paper studies questions about duality between crossings and non-crossings in graph drawings via the notions of thickness and antithickness. The thickness of a graph G is the minimum integer k such that in some drawing of G, the edges can be partitioned into k noncrossing subgraphs. The antithickness of a graph G is the minimum integer k such that in some drawing of G, the edges can be part...

The electromigration-induced failure in flip-chip eutectic SnPb solder joints with a 10m-thick Cu under-bump metallization (UBM) was studied without the effect of current crowding in the solder region. The current crowding occurred inside the UBM instead of in the solder joint at the current density of 3.0 × 10 A/cm because of the spreading of current in the very thick Cu UBM. In these joints, ...

OBJECTIVE To estimate sensitivity and specificity of several optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements for detecting retinal thickness changes in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), such as macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness measured with Cirrus (OCT) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness measured with Cirrus and ...