OBJECTIVES The present study describes the oxygen uptake and total energy expenditure (including both aerobic and anaerobic contribution) response during three different circuit weight training (CWT) protocols of equivalent duration composed of free weight exercises, machine exercises, and a combination of free weight exercises intercalating aerobic exercise. DESIGN Controlled, randomized cro...

This study was to assess the resting energy expenditure of patients with esophageal cancer using indirect calorimetry. Eight male patients with esophageal cancer and eight male healthy controls were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent transthoracic esophagectomy with lymph nodes dissections. The resting energy expenditure was measured preoperatively, and on postoperative day 7 and 14...

CONTEXT Exercise is associated with mortality benefits but simply expending energy through any activity in an individual's free-living environment may confer survival advantages. OBJECTIVE To determine whether free-living activity energy expenditure is associated with all-cause mortality among older adults. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Free-living activity energy expenditure was assess...

BACKGROUND Health Canada has defined rare diseases as life-threatening, seriously debilitating, or serious chronic conditions affecting a very small number of patients (~1 in 2,000 persons). An estimated 9 % of Canadians suffer from a rare disease. Drugs treating rare diseases (DRDs) are also known as orphan drugs. While Canada is currently developing an orphan drug framework, in the United Sta...

This paper investigates the association between different kinds of budgetary expenditure and economic growth of Poland. The empirical analysis makes use of linear and nonlinear Granger causality tests to evaluate the applicability of Wagner’s Law and that of the contrasting Keynesian theory. We employ aggregate and disaggregate data with the sub-categories of most important budgetary expenditur...

The overuse and misuse of antimicrobials contribute to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The aim of this work was to analyse all the anti-infectives for systemic use (J ATC group) prescribed at the University Clinic Hospital of Valladolid (Spain) for the years 2009-2013. Amounts of anti-infectives (antibacterials, antifungals and antivirals) used in the period 2009-2013 were expre...

BACKGROUND A growing number of developing countries are developing health insurance schemes that aim to protect households, particularly the poor, from financial catastrophe and impoverishment caused by unaffordable medical care. This paper investigates the extent to which patients suffering from chronic disease in rural China face catastrophic expenditure on healthcare, and how far the New Co-...

INTRODUCTION Alcohol use and alcohol-related problems are on the rise in low- and middle-income countries. Expenditure on alcohol is an important problem for families and communities and needs to be assessed. AIM This study examines level of alcohol consumption and expenditure on alcohol in a district in Vietnam. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a rural district in northern...

OBJECTIVE To present the available data on the money spent by Member States of the World Health Organization (WHO) on remunerating health workers in the public and private sectors. METHODS Data on government and total expenditure on health worker remuneration were obtained through a review of official documents in WHO's Global Health Expenditure Database and directly from country officials an...