the purpose of this research was to study the effects of four personal and social variables including the age, literacy, job experience and size of herd on different variables such as implementing of managerial strategies in transition period, relevant costs of these strategies, average production per head and gross income of milk sale per head. for this purpose all required information were co...

We incorporate managerial e¤orts inside …rms in a standard monopolistic competition model a la Krugman(1980) with heterogenous …rms. The manager works to increase probability of productivity improvement for the …rm. Due to unobservable managerial e¤ort and limited liability, the optimal managerial compensation scheme links the market performance of the …rm to managerial incentives. Managers in ...

This paper examines the implications of the separation of ownership and management based on a strategic export promotion policy when the shares of exporting firms are internationally owned by the residents of both countries in an international duopolistic market. Although the presence of either cross ownership or managerial delegation weakens the exporting countries’ subsidization incentives, t...

I most marketing experiments, managerial decisions are not based directly on the estimates of the parameters but rather on functions of these estimates. For example, many managerial decisions are driven by whether or not a feature is valued more than the price the consumer will be asked to pay. In other cases, some managerial decisions are weighed more heavily than others. The standard measures...

Supplier development is necessary as organizations and industries are competing on the capabilities of their supply chains and not necessarily their own individual organizations. Supplier development evaluation through formal modeling and decision support approaches is limited in the literature. Formal modeling tools to aid managers in evaluating green supplier development programs are virtuall...

This paper examines the relation between dividend policy, managerial ownership and debt-financing for a large sample of firms listed on NYSE, AMEX and NASDAQ. In addition to standard parametric estimation methods,weusea semi-parametric approach,whichhelps capturemoreeffectivelynon-linearities in thedata. In linewith the alignment effect ofmanagerial ownership, our results support a negative rel...

This paper addresses the influence of managerial decision-making processes on the evolution of industries. Managers face very complex investment decisions due to uncertainties about customer acceptance, market size, technology, actions of competitors, and a dynamic complex feedback system. Managerial decision-making processes are almost the most influential variable to manipulate the evolution ...

We examine the impact of biases in managerial judgment and in accounting reports on the voluntary disclosure of private managerial information. We show that any biased managerial judgment in interpreting private information that is voluntarily disclosed, and negatively biased accounting (conservatism), reduce voluntary timely disclosure by firms. Only positively biased (less conservative) accou...

background and purpose: professional ethics is one of the foremost components of every occupation. the ethical standards are essential to the improvement of quality of care. on the other hand, job satisfaction is a critical challenge for healthcare organizations. this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between compliance with professional ethics and job satisfaction among nurses. methods:...