The main aim of this study is to analyze the effect external debt on different types emissions in India as carbon dioxide emissions, methane from liquid fuel consumption, solid and gaseous consumption. has a fast growing especially after 2008 world financial crisis. similar situation China Turkey which also started increase significantly only analyzed by Katircioglu Celebi (2018), Beşe, Friday,...

The pandemic dealt a severe blow to the Italian people and their economy. GDP fell by nearly 9 percent in 2020, with much larger drops for contact-intensive services. Public corporate debt increased strongly preexisting vulnerabilities have likely worsened. government is prioritizing resolving health emergency transforming economy lift productivity, improve social outcomes strengthen resilience...

The recent finance sector clean-up in Ghana led to the collapse of a number microfinance institutions (MFIs), which reignited discussion whether MFIs can achieve much-needed financial sustainability while also meeting goal reaching out poor. In that regard, this paper explores potential for improve breadth outreach by fostering inclusion and deepen depth targeting poor simultaneously pursuing s...

The macroeconomic response to the economic crisis has revived old debates about the usefulness of monetary and fiscal policy in fighting recessions. Without the ability to further lower interest rates, policy authorities in many countries have turned to expansionary fiscal policies. Recent literature argues that government spending may be very effective in such environments. But a critical elem...

Recently, demand-led growth theories reshaped the study of comparative political economy. Since Baccaro and Pontusson critique Varieties Capitalism, a new wave studies has sought to analyze national economies in terms their main demand drivers growth. Post-Keynesian authors provided extensions perfect fit between We argue that Sraffian supermultiplier provides theory compatible with model persp...

Loan spreads are analysed for two types of loans. The …rst takes losses at maturity only; the second one follows the formulation of CFOs (Collateralized Fund Obligations), with losses registered over the lifetime of the contract. In both cases, the implementation requires the choice of a process for the underlying asset value and the identi…cation of the parameters. The parameters of the proces...

Abstract. The evaluation of structured credit products like baskets and collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) most often relies on the simulation of correlated default times for the underlying pool of credit instruments. Given the distribution of a default time vector one can find the distribution of the corresponding (cumulative) default quote path for a portfolio. In this note we show that t...

This study empirically examines whether managers manipulate reported income through the timing of sales of long-lived assets and investments. Several empirical implications of the income-smoothing and debt-equity hypothesis in the context of asset sales were tested. The findings are consistent with the timing of asset sales by managers so that the recognized accounting income from these sales s...

This study attempts to investigate the effect of oil returns and external debt on the government expenditure in Syria over the period 1970-2010. The Johansen cointegration test showed that oil returns and external debt have a positive and significant long run relationship with government expenditure. The Granger causality test indicates unidirectional short-run causality relationships running f...

The increased need for social services and infrastructure by the citizenry has put a lot of pressure in Governments to raise additional taxes finance public expenditure. This expenditure is best financed through tax rather than debt. As at 30 th September 2017, Kenya’s gross debt level stood Ksh 4,486.8 billion. 51% estimated domestic product Ksh. 8,805 billion 2017. already above World Bank In...