Numerous investigators have established the important r61e played by t,he endocrine glands in the regulation of fat metabolism in the intact animal. The administration to fasting rats of anterior pituitary growth hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (1) has been shown to increase both the concentration of ket,one bodies in the blood and the rate of their excretion. Adrenalectomy, on t...

Di-2-pyridyl ketone 2-furoylhydrazone (DPFH) has been examined as a sensitive spectrofluorimetric reagent for the determination of gallium. 4 rapid procedure for the fluorimetric determination of th i s ion at the 2-800 ng ml-1 level at pH 3.S4.1 (Aex 395 nm, he, 473 nm) has been established. The detection limit is 2 ng ml-1 and the relative standard deviation is 2.4% (40 p.p.b. of gallium). In...

1. Acetoacetate or short-chain fatty acids (acetate, butyrate, propionate, n-hexanoate, n-octanoate) accelerate the rate of glucose formation from lactate, fumarate and other precursors in slices of kidney cortex (rat, rabbit, sheep). The cause of this acceleration has been investigated. 2. There are two different mechanisms of acceleration. At low concentrations of glucogenic precursors the ac...

In 1936 we reported the occurrence of severe ketosis “immediately following hypoglycemic shock in insulin-treated diabetics, who for some time prior to the insulin shock were well under control on diets containing 120 to 250 gm. of carbohydrates with commensurate doses of insulin” (1). Since 1935, when we first observed this causal connection between hypoglycemia and ketosis, appreciation of th...

Infusion of ketone bodies to ammonium chloride-loaded acidotic dogs was found to induce significant reduction in urinary excretion of ammonia. This effect could not be attributed to urinary pH variations. Total ammonia production by the left kidney was measured in 25 animals infused during 90 min with the sodium salt of D,L-beta-hydroxybutyric acid adjusted to pH 6.0 or 4.2. Ketonemia averaged ...

The first enantioselective organocatalytic transfer hydrogenation of cyclic enones has been accomplished. The use of iminium catalysis has provided a new organocatalytic strategy for the enantioselective reduction of beta,beta-substituted alpha,beta-unsaturated cycloalkenones, to generate beta-stereogenic cyclic ketones. The use of imidazolidinone 4 as the asymmetric catalyst has been found to ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Ketone bodies provide important alternate fuel for brain metabolism, and their transport into the brain increases with prolonged fasting. During diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), serum ketone concentrations markedly increase; however, little is known about whether ketone bodies accumulate in cerebral tissues during DKA. We used proton MR spectroscopy (MRS) to detect cerebral b...

Previously our laboratory demonstrated that voluntary muscle fiber groups and diaphragms from depanereatized and alloxan-diabetic rats take up leas acetoacetic acid than fiber groups and diaphragms from control animals (1, 2). The addition of glucose and insulin causes an increase in acetoacetic acid uptake by muscle fiber groups from both control and depancreatized rats. These experiments were...

It is recognized that ketone bodies, such as R-beta-hydroxybutyrate (beta-HB) and acetoacetate, are energy sources for the brain. As with glucose metabolism, monocarboxylate uptake by the brain is dependent on the function and regulation of its own transporter system. We concurrently investigated ketone body influx, blood flow, and regulation of monocarboxylate transporter (MCT-1) and glucose t...

The effect of hyperphenylalaninaemia on the metabolism of ketone bodies in vivo and in vitro by developing rat brain was investigated. The incorporation in vivo of [14C]acetoacetate into cerebral lipids was decreased by both chronic (for 3 days) and acute (for 6h) hyperphenylalaninaemia induced by injecting phenylalanine into 1-week-old rats. In studies in vitro it was observed that the incorpo...