NaCl and KCl are monovalent salts that can be discriminated behaviorally by hamsters on the basis of their tastes. We examined the effects of the passive Na+ channel blocker amiloride on responses to both of these salts in 34 taste-responsive neurons of the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) in the hamster. The effects of amiloride were assessed with two different, commonly employed stimulus p...

Addition of 100 millimolar KCl, NaCl, or Na(2)SO(4) strongly promoted acidification of the medium by cells of Nicotiana tabacum/gossii in suspension culture. Acidification was greater in the case of NaCl-adapted than in that of wild type cells, and strikingly so in KCl medium when fusicoccin (FC) was present. Back-titration indicated that net proton secretion in KCl medium was increased 4-fold ...

The present investigation was undertaken to study the effects of K+ channel openers in the relaxant responses to various agonists in estrogen primed rat uterus. Adrenaline and isoprenaline produced a dose-dependent relaxation in the estrogen primed rat uterus. The relaxant responses were found to be significantly potentiated when the preparations were exposed to PSS devoid of calcium. The respo...

The transduction mechanism of salt-induced responses of mouse taste cells was investigated using the patch clamp and the local stimulation techniques under quasi-natural conditions. Apically applied NaCl induced a voltage-independent current, which was partially suppressed by amiloride and Cd2+. In contrast, apically applied 0.5 M KCl induced an inwardly rectifying current (KCl-induced Iir). Th...

KCl causes smooth muscle contraction by elevating intracellular free Ca2+, whereas receptor stimulation activates an additional mechanism, termed Ca2+ sensitization, that can involve activation of RhoA-associated kinase (ROK) and PKC. However, recent studies support the hypothesis that KCl may also increase Ca2+ sensitivity. Our data showed that the PKC inhibitor GF-109203X did not, whereas the...

We argue that eleven dimensional supergravity can be described by a non-linear real-isation based on the group E 11. This requires a formulation of eleven dimensional super-gravity in which the gravitational degrees of freedom are described by two fields which are related by duality. We show the existence of such a description of gravity.

We consider a theory in which supersymmetry is partially spontaneously broken and show that the dynamical fields in the same supersymmetric multiplet as the Goldstino are Gold-stone bosons whose corresponding generators are central charges in the underlying super-symmetry algebra. We illustrate how this works for four dimensional Born-Infeld theory and five brane of M theory. We conjecture, wit...

In the mature brain, the neurotransmitter GABA can cause a postsynaptic hyperpolarization via activation of chloride permeant GABAA receptor channels. This hyperpolarizing response critically depends on chloride extrusion via the KCl-cotransporter KCC2 [1]. Its knockdown in mice impairs synaptic inhibition by changing the electrochemical potential for chloride and thus increases neuronal excita...

Dr. J. Kim, Dr. J. H. Choi, Dr. J. Choi, H. S. Kim, Dr. J. Liu, Prof. C.-R. Cho, J. G. Kang, Prof. P. V. Braun Department of Materials Science and Engineering Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana , IL 61801 , USA E-mail: [email protected] Dr. L. K. Aagesen, Dr. A. Ramazani, Prof. K. Thornton Department of Materials Science and Enginee...

We compared the properties of the nuclei that accumulate in 7.5 mM-KCl in ATP-G-actin solutions and of the oligomers that are formed by sonication of either G-actin or F-actin. We found that the ability of the above species to prime the polymerization of actin decays with different rates. The nuclei are stable in 7.5 mM-KCl (they decay with a rate constant of 1.5 X 10(-3) s -1 at pH 7.8 at 22 d...