Child visit to the dentist’s office can elicit fear and anxiety which can cause chaos to both the dentist and the child patient and, which in turn subvert the delivery of quality dental care, thus posing a challenge to oral health care practitioners worldwide. As pedodontists, our motto is to strive to relieve pain and suffering, and pledge to do no harm. Anxiety if not handled with tender love...

BACKGROUND Emergence agitation (EA) in children after sevoflurane anesthesia is common. The purpose of this study was to compare the incidences of EA between ketamine and thiopental sodium induction in children underwent sevoflurane anesthesia. We also evaluated if a small dose of fentanyl could reduce the incidence of EA. METHODS The patients who were scheduled for strabismus or entropion su...

BACKGROUND We assessed the effects of low-dose IV ketamine-midazolam versus morphine on pain control in patients with closed limb fracture(s); and also compared the incidence of adverse events (cardio-pulmonary) between two groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective, single-blind, non-inferiority trial randomized consecutive emergency department (ED) patients aged 18-60 years to two group...

Comparison of the Effects Ketamine-Remifentanil with Ketamine-Propofol on Pain, Agitation and Hemodynamic Changes during Closed Reduction Nasal Fracture

Ketamine is used clinically for anesthesia but is also abused as a recreational drug. Previously, it has been established that ketamine‑induced bladder interstitial cystitis is a common syndrome in ketamine‑abusing individuals. As the mechanisms underlying ketamine‑induced cystitis have yet to be revealed, the present study investigated the effect of ketamine on human urothelial cell lines and ...

The clinical effects and pharmacokinetics of ketamine, administered as an i.v. infusion, were studied in 31 patients. Anaesthesia was induced with ketamine 2 mg kg-1 i.v. and maintained using an i.v. infusion of ketamine, supplemented by nitrous oxide. The plasma concentrations of ketamine, nor-ketamine and dehydro-nor-ketamine were analysed using gas-liquid chromatography. The average maintena...

The rapid-acting and long-lasting antidepressant effects of (R,S)-ketamine have recently gained much attention. Although (S)-ketamine has been studied as an active isomer, recent evidence suggests that (R)-ketamine exhibits longer-lasting antidepressant effects than (S)-ketamine in rodents. However, the antidepressant potential of (R)-ketamine has not been fully addressed. In the present study,...

This study investigated the behavioral and biochemical parameters of DM1 as a risk factor in an animal model of schizophrenia (SZ). All groups: 1 Control (saline+saline); 2 Alloxan (alloxan+saline); 3 Ketamine (saline+ketamine); 4 (Alloxan+Ketamine) were fasted for a period of 18h before the subsequent induction of DM via a single intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of alloxan (150mg/kg). From the ...

Providing acute medical care to severely agitated patients in the pre-hospital setting is a significant challenge. These patients often pose a serious safety threat to themselves and emergency medical services (EMS) providers. The dilemma confronting paramedics is they can’t provide medical care until the can restrain the individual and they can’t restrain the individual until they provide seda...