In a recent paper [1], Drs Selby and Miller described three methods of determining the fracture toughness (R), or equivalently, the fracture surface energy (23') for an epoxy resin. These methods are respectively (a) Berry's method, (b) Irwin-Kies equation and (c) Gurney's irreversible work area method. While the experimental data obtained from tapered double-cantilever beam (TDCB) specimens su...

At crack tip the stress distribution has singularities (i.e intensity is infinite) which physically impossible. Irwin realised that stresses at are finite and subsequently introduced Stress Intensify Factor(SIF). This factor used to determine this plastic zone size. The a special case of notch. Around notch, fracture needs volume develop according volumetric approach. characterised by distance ...

The health consequences of sand particle inhalation are incompletely understood. This project evaluated the respiratory toxicity of sand particles collected at military bases near Fort Irwin USA, in Iraq (Camp Victory, Taji and Talil), and Khost Afghanistan. Our primary focus was on assessing the role of soluble metals in the respiratory toxicity of the sand particles using in vitro and in vivo...

The Atacama B-mode Search (ABS) instrument, which began observation in February of 2012, is a crossed-Dragone telescope located at an elevation of 5,100 m in the Atacama Desert in Chile. The primary scientific goal of ABS is to measure the B-mode polarization spectrum of the Cosmic Microwave Background from multipole moments of about ≈ 50 to ≈ 500 (angular scales from ∼0.4◦ to ∼4◦), a range tha...

THE fifth meeting of the session 1933-4 was lheld in the City and County Infirmary on 30th March, at 8.30 p.m. The president, Dr. XV. Rankin, welcomed Mr. S. T. Irwin, who was the lecturer for the meeting. There was a very large attendance of members. Mr. lrwin chose as his subject, "-Fhe Treatment of Gastric and Duodenal Ulceration." It would be very difficult to give anl adequate epitome of t...

INTRODUCTION In the light of 3R (replace, reduce, refine) principles in animal experimentation and increased focus on delayed effects of treatment on central nervous system, the incorporation of behavioural tests into standard toxicology studies as a complement or substitution of a stand-alone safety pharmacology study appears very attractive, but poses some challenges. In the present study, we...