Pegaptanib (Eyetech Pharmaceuticals and Pfizer), which was approved by the FDA at the end of 2004, was the first anti-VEGF therapy for neovascular AMD (3). After approval of bevacizumab (Genentech/ Roche) for cancer therapy and in view of the suspected role of VEGF in wet AMD, systemic intravenous and, later, intravitreal bevacizumab began to be administered off-label to treat neovascular AMD (...

Purpose: to evaluate, compare and disscuss the therapeutic efficacy of intravitreal anti- VEGF laser photocoagulation in treatment CSME. Material &Method:We have been selected 100 eyes 50 patients diabetic retinopathy with macular edema (CSME) ,out which 26 were excluded due retinal detachment, neovascular glaucoma, complicated cataract, corneal opacity. Total 74 37 has for study divided in...

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a significant cause of blindness in the working population and is currently challenging to treat. Current interventions include focal laser or intravitreal injections. This article outlines a new treatment protocol based on the theory that peripheral ischemia is the precursor to angiogenesis, which will ultimately gather its momentum at the fovea. Extreme periphe...

PURPOSE To evaluate the relationship between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) in vitreous body and serum in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), and investigate the role of EC-SOD in PDR by evaluating its angiostatic effect, using an in vitro angiogenesis model. To investigate the role of EC-SOD in PDR by evaluating its...

PURPOSE We evaluated the pharmacokinetics of intravitreally injected ranibizumab and aflibercept, and their effects on VEGF in the aqueous humor of vitrectomized and nonvitrectomized macaque eyes. METHODS Intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR; 0.5 mg/50 μL) or intravitreal aflibercept (IVA; 2 mg/50 μL) was injected into the previously vitrectomized right eyes of three macaques and nonvitrectomized ri...

BACKGROUND The dramatic increase in need for anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) intravitreal therapy in the treatment of retinal disease and the absence of an equivalent increase in ophthalmologists to undertake such intravitreal injections created a patient-safety risk. Timing of intravitreal therapy (IVT) is critical to prevent vision loss and local clinics lacked capacity to...

Microparticles possess therapeutic potential regarding angiogenesis. We have demonstrated the contribution of apoptotic human CEM T lymphocyte-derived microparticles (LMPs) as inhibitors of angiogenic responses in animal models of inflammation and tumor growth. In the present study, we characterized the antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) effects of LMPs on pathological angiogenesis i...

Sonoda et al. reported a new aspect of diagnostic imaging by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in their manuscript, ‘‘Correlation between reflectivity of subretinal fluid in OCT images and concentration of intravitreal VEGF in eyes with diabetic macular edema.’’ Neudorfer and the authors found that OCT reflectivity is variable in subretinal fluid in diabetic macula edema cases. They have alrea...

Objective. To prospectively evaluate the effect of intravitreal bevacizumab on aqueous levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and correlate clinical outcomes with cytokine levels. Methods. 30 eyes of 30 patients with exudative AMD underwent intravitreal injection of bevacizumab three times at...