Abstract Objective. Intracortical microelectrode arrays (MEA) can be used as part of a brain–machine interface system to provide sensory feedback control an artificial limb assist persons with tetraplegia. Variability in functionality electrodes has been reported but few studies humans have examined the impact chronic brain tissue responses revealed postmortem on electrode performance vivo. App...

27 Using the paired-pulse paradigm, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has 28 revealed much about the human primary motor cortex (M1). A preceding 29 subthreshold conditioning stimulus (CS) inhibits the excitability of the motor cortex, 30 which is named short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI). In contrast, facilitation is 31 observed when the first pulse (S1) is followed by a secon...

Intracortical brain-computer interface (BCI) systems may one day allow paralyzed patients to interface with robotic arms or computer programs using their thoughts alone. However, a common and unaddressed issue with these systems is that due to small instabilities in the recorded signals, the decoding algorithms they rely upon must be retrained daily in a supervised manner. While this may be acc...

Decreased cortical thickness and increased cortical porosity are the key anatomic changes responsible for osteoporotic fractures in elderly women and men. The cellular basis of these changes is unbalanced endosteal and intracortical osteonal remodeling by the osteoclasts and osteoblasts that comprise the basic multicellular units (BMUs). Like humans, mice lose cortical bone with age, but unlike...

Intracortical inhibition and facilitation in different representations of the human motor cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 2870-2881, 1998. Intracortical inhibition (ICI) and intracortical facilitation (ICF) of the human motor cortex can be studied with paired transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Plastic changes and some neurological disorders in humans are associated with changes in ICI and IC...

Corpus callosum connects the bilateral primary motor cortices (M1s) and plays an important role in motor control. Using the paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) paradigm, we can measure interhemispheric inhibition (IHI) and interhemispheric facilitation (IHF) as indexes of the interhemispheric interactions in humans. We investigated how quadripulse transcranial magnetic stimulat...

Organic neuromorphic devices mimic signal processing features of biological synapses, with short-term plasticity, STP, modulated by the frequency input voltage pulses. Here, an artificial synapse, made intracortical microelectrodes, is demonstrated that exhibits either depressive or facilitative STP. The crossover between two STP regimes controlled voltage. are described equivalent circuit wher...

Knowledge about the core neural mechanisms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, a pathophysiologically heterogeneous psychiatric disorder starting in childhood, is still limited. Progress may be achieved by combining different methods and levels of investigation. In the present study, we investigated neural mechanisms of motor control in 19 children with attention-deficit hyperactivity ...