Intestinal bacteria are required for development of gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT), which mediate a variety of host immune functions, such as mucosal immunity and oral tolerance. In rabbits, the intestinal microflora are also required for developing the preimmune Ab repertoire by promoting somatic diversification of Ig genes in B cells that have migrated to GALT. We studied the mechanis...

Western medicine has only recently discovered that the intestinal microbiota is a major determinant of the well-being of the host. Although it would be oversimplifying to limit the benefits of breastfeeding compared to cow milk based infant formula to differences in gastrointestinal flora, the impact of the latter has been demonstrated beyond doubt. As a consequence, gastro intestinal flora man...

The aetiology of Crohn's disease--a chronic intestinal disorder that involves an immune response against the commensal bacterial flora--remains fiercely debated. Two hypotheses exist: (i) those who think that the disease is caused by genetic defects that produce exaggerated innate responses to the flora, leading to excessive inflammation; and (ii) those who think that the genetic defects cause ...

GORDON, HELMUT A., AND EDITH BRUCKNER-KARDOSS. Efect of normal microbial flora on intestinal surface area. Am. J. Physiol. 201 (I) : I 75-178. I g6 I .-The mucosal surface area of the small intestine was determined in young adult, germfree and conventional rats. On the average, the germfree values were found to be 307~ lower than those of conventional animals. This reduction was pronounced in t...

The present study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms, including potential genes, pathways and interactions, underlying the effect of intestinal flora on intestinal health. The gene expression profiles of GSE22648 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discover...

GORDON, HELMUT A., AND EDITH BRUCKNER-KARDOSS. Efect of normal microbial flora on intestinal surface area. Am. J. Physiol. 201 (I) : I 75-178. I g6 I .-The mucosal surface area of the small intestine was determined in young adult, germfree and conventional rats. On the average, the germfree values were found to be 307~ lower than those of conventional animals. This reduction was pronounced in t...

CONTEXT Intestinal flora and anaerobes are frequently implicated in causing infectious necrotizing pancreatitis however Bifidobacterium and Veillonella have rarely been isolated as the causative agents. Bifidobacterium and Veillonella are commensal anaerobes which reside in gastrointestinal tract and help deconjugate bile acids. Bifidobacterium is also frequently used in probiotics. CASE REPO...

Identification of mesenteric lymph node (MLN) bacteria showed that indigenous streptomycin-sensitive Escherichia coli could be recovered from MLN at least 48 h after this organism had been essentially eliminated from the cecal flora by antibiotics and replaced with exogenous streptomycin-sensitive E. coli JK. Additional experiments with antibiotic-treated rats also showed that indigenous strept...

Functional oligosaccharides, known as prebiotics, and ordinary dietary fiber have important roles in modulating the structure of intestinal microbiota. To investigate their effects on the intestinal microecosystem, three kinds of diets containing different prebiotics were used to feed mice for 3 weeks, as follows: GI (galacto-oligosaccharides and inulin), PF (polydextrose and insoluble dietary ...

An in vitro anaerobic continuous-flow competitive exclusion (CFCE) culture model was used to study the ability of human stool flora to inhibit the growth of vancomycin-resistant (VR) enterococci (VRE). The CFCE culture was established from a stool sample obtained from a healthy adult. When 10(3) or 10(6) cfu/mL of VR Enterococcus faecium were added to the CFCE culture, the VRE were eliminated w...