Kristinsson, H. 2017. Effects of Free Fatty Acids on Insulin and Glucagon Secretion. – with special emphasis on the role of Free fatty acid receptor 1. Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine 1320. 54 pp. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. ISBN 978-91-554-9867-2. Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is still rising and even so in the ...

Glucagon can stimulate gluconeogenesis from 2 mM lactate nearly 4-fold in isolated liver cells from fed rats; exogenous cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) is equally effective, but epinephrine can stimulate only 1.5-fold. Half-maximal effects are obtained with glucagon at 0.3 nM, cyclic AMP at 30 muM and epinephrine at 0.2 muM. Insulin reduces by 50% the stimulation by suboptimal...

If glucagon plays a hormonal role in the regulation of gluconeogenesis from endogenous amino acids, its secretion might be stimulated by an increase in the concentration of alanine, which has recently been identified as a principal gluconeogenic precursor. To determine if this is the case, 0.75 mmole of alanine per kilo was infused into conscious dogs immediately after a priming injection of 0....

INTRODUCTION To examine the efficacy of sitagliptin and miglitol when added to ongoing insulin treatment in a patient with type 2 diabetes who had undergone partial gastrectomy. METHODS Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was performed and either sitagliptin or miglitol, or both, were added to fixed-dose insulin therapy. Blood was drawn at 0, 30, 60, and 120 min after breakfast, and C-peptide...

OBJECTIVES Extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate modulates the functions of the adult pancreas via 2 nucleotide receptor families, the P2X and P2Y receptors. Expression of the P2X7 receptor has been demonstrated in islet cells of the pancreas, particularly the mature alpha cells that secrete glucagon. In the streptozotocin-induced diabetic model, a loss of insulin-secreting cells was accompan...

Circadian expression of clock genes in peripheral tissues is critical to the coordinated regulation of intestinal digestive and absorptive functions, insulin secretion, and peripheral tissue nutrient deposition during periods of nutrient ingestion, thereby preventing metabolic dysregulation. As glucagon-like peptide-1 is a key incretin hormone that regulates glucose-dependent insulin secretion,...

The purpose of the present study was to modulate the secretion of insulin and glucagon in Beagle dogs by stimulation of nerves innervating the intact and partly dysfunctional pancreas. Three 33-electrode spiral cuffs were implanted on the vagus, splanchnic and pancreatic nerves in each of two animals. Partial dysfunction of the pancreas was induced with alloxan. The nerves were stimulated using...

Carbohydrates, particularly glucose, are an important source of fuel for living organisms. Glucose is a major energy source for all cells, and some tissues (e.g., brain) need a continuous delivery of glucose. Maintenance of serum glucose concentrations within a normal physiological range, critical to the maintenance of normal fuel use, is primarily accomplished by two pancreatic hormones, insul...

Intrahepatic transplantation of donor islets of Langerhans is a promising therapy for patients with type 1 diabetes. It is of critical importance to accurately monitor islet quality before transplantation, which is currently done by standard histological methods that are performed off-line and require extensive sample preparation. As an alternative, we propose Raman spectroscopy which is a non-...

To determine the influence of continuous hypoxia on body weight, food intake, hepatic glycogen, circulatory glucose, insulin, glucagon, leptin, and corticosterone, and the involvement of the corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type 1 (CRFR1) in modulation of these hormones, rats were exposed to a simulated altitude of 5 km (approximately 10.8% O2) in a hypobaric chamber for 1, 2, 5, 10, and...