OBJECTIVES The John Henryism (JH) hypothesis suggests that, under adverse social and economic conditions, high-effort coping styles that reflect hard work and determination may contribute to elevated blood pressure. Results from tests of this hypothesis have been mixed, with variations by region, urban versus rural areas, race, gender, and age. The majority of studies reporting that socioeconom...

This paper empirically identifies social learning and neighborhood effects in schooling investments in a new technology regime. The estimates of learning-investment rule from farm household panel data at the onset of the Green Revolution in India, show that (1) agents learn about schooling returns from income realizations of their neighbors and (2) schooling distribution of the parents’ generat...

Psychological research has established that unemployment causes widespread psychological distress and ill health in communities but, arguably, little of this research is truly community psychological. In this paper we sketch out a critical community psychological perspective and use it to contribute to understanding of the role of psychosocial aspects of income in the experience and mental heal...

Existing studies of social capital formation in US metropolitan areas have found that social capital is lower when there is more income inequality and greater racial fragmentation. I add to this literature by examining the role of income inequality between racial groups (racial income inequality). I find that greater racial income inequality reduces social capital. Also, racial fragmentation is...

This article sets a context for researchers, practitioners and policymakers for prevention and treatment of substance use among rural, low-income families. To increase understanding of the specific needs of families in rural communities, the authors use an emerging theoretical framework which combines the ecological model with a risk and resilience theoretical framework. Results of an explorato...

INTRODUCTION Chronic diseases, an increasing global concern, are prevalent in the low-income communities of South Africa, where rural health systems bear the double burden of infectious and chronic diseases. The Discovery Healthy Lifestyle Programme (DHLP) is a physical activity-based chronic disease prevention program that has been implemented in a low-income, rural setting in South Africa. Th...

s F v o C R i e l n ( d s r t o ensure that all people have full opportunity for physical activity, research and advocacy must occur across a broad range of fields and engage ommunities as key partners. The active living field has ade important strides toward this end by broadening he perspective of scientists, advocates, and healthcare ractitioners and challenging them to consider how eighborh...

This paper examines the effects of growth in African American population, employment, and human capital on growth in per capita income at the census block group (CBG) level using ordinary least square and spatial regression models, The results indicate the presence of conditional income convergence between 1980 and 2000 with poorer CBGs growing faster than the wealthier CBGs, The results also s...

In its darker past, urban planning was sometimes used as a tool to rigidly segregate different groups into distinct neighborhoods. During the last half-century, however, the tenets of urban planning have clearly evolved toward the goal of communities providing for a diversity of income (and, often, ethnic) groups in residence (Atkinson & Kintrea, 2000; Cole & Goodchild, 2001; Sarkissian, 1976)....

BACKGROUND Poorer diets and subsequent higher rates of chronic disease among lower-income individuals may be partially attributed to reduced access to fresh fruits and vegetables (F&V) and other healthy foods. Mobile markets are an increasingly popular method for providing access to F&V in underserved communities, but evaluation efforts are limited. The purpose of this study was to determine th...