Estrogen is necessary for the expression of phrenic long-term facilitation (pLTF) in female rats. pLTF, a well-studied model respiratory neuroplasticity, characterized by progressive increase nerve amplitude following acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH). Gonadally-intact, adult rats only develop pLTF stages estrous cycle with high levels circulating estrogen. Removal ovaries (ovariectomy, OVX), pr...

studies show that any complications including hemorrhage, lack of blood supply, lack of oxygen supply, and death of cells in a tissue, will have a clear effect on electrical properties of that tissue. thus, by measuring impedance of a set of tissues, potential problems of the damaged tissue may be found. since electrical impedance is closely related to the measuring frequency, obviously, every ...

The incidence of asthma and obesity is constantly increasing. It commonly acknowledged that can make more severe poorly controlled. Conventional spirometry, despite being a “gold standard” in diagnostics lung diseases, cannot provide information on residual volume bronchial resistance, which be key to understanding the mechanics spirometric deviations found asthma-obesity phenotype. aim. To eva...

electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (eis) is a suitable and powerful diagnostic testing method for fuel cells (fcs) since it is non-destructive and provides useful information about fc performance and its components. in this study, for the first time, a 500w cascade type 4 cells stack with integrated humidifier, water separator and internal manifolds was designed, fabricated and tested. the ...

Objective. This paper illustrates the evolution of our knowledge of the arterial pulse from ancient times to the present. Several techniques for arterial pulse evaluation throughout history are discussed. Methods. Using databases including Worldcat, Pubmed, and Emory University Libraries' Catalogue, the significance of the arterial pulse is discussed in three historical eras of medicine: ancien...