Periodic bursts of activity in the disinhibited in vitro hippocampal CA3 network spread through the neural population by the glutamatergic recurrent collateral axons that link CA3 pyramidal cells. It was previously proposed that these bursts of activity are terminated by exhaustion of releasable glutamate at the recurrent collateral synapses so that the next periodic burst of network activity c...

To better understand encoding and decoding of stimulus information in two specific hippocampal sub-regions, we isolated and co-cultured rat primary dentate gyrus (DG) and CA3 neurons within a two-chamber device with axonal connectivity via micro-tunnels. We tested the hypothesis that, in these engineered networks, decoding performance of stimulus site information would be more accurate when sti...

The development of hippocampal circuitry depends on the proper assembly of correctly specified and fully differentiated hippocampal neurons. Little is known about factors that control the hippocampal specification. Here, we show that zinc finger protein Zbtb20 is essential for the specification of hippocampal CA1 field identity. We found that Zbtb20 expression was initially activated in the hip...

Address for Correspondence: Dr. Hemamalini, Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara Medical College, Mysore-570015, Karmataka, India. Phone number: +918762357259, Fax number: +91 821-2548345, 2493819 E-Mail: [email protected] Introduction: Centella asiatica is a perennial herbaceous creeper, growing in moist soil. It has anti-thrombotic, antibacteri...

traumatic brain injury (tbi) is one the most common cause of disability between young adults. these people have been socially isolated during post-surgery traumatic brain injury. in this study we investigated the effect of social isolation on the structural deficits after tbi in the young rats. young rats were divided into control group with social interaction, sham group with social isolation ...

The theta-gamma cross-frequency coupling (CFC) in hippocampus was reported to reflect memory process. In this study, we measured the CFC of hippocampal local field potentials (LFPs) in a two-vessel occlusion (2VO) rat model, combined with both amplitude and phase properties and associated with short and long-term plasticity indicating the memory function. Male Wistar rats were used and a 2VO mo...

This review summarizes the structural and electrophysiological changes in the epileptic hippocampus in various animal models of epilepsy. Tornado hypothesis of epileptic hippocampus, states that there are many progressive detrimental changes in the hippocampus of the epileptic rats. PTZ, PTZ kindling, pilocarpine, electrical kindling, kainic acid, hyperthermia and in vitro models are taken as p...

Childhood maltreatment or abuse is a major risk factor for mood, anxiety, substance abuse, psychotic, and personality disorders, and it is associated with reduced adult hippocampal volume, particularly on the left side. Translational studies show that the key consequences of stress exposure on the hippocampus are suppression of neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG) and dendritic remodeling in ...

Recent data have provided evidence that microglia, the brain-resident macrophage-like cells, modulate neuronal activity in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions, and microglia are therefore now recognized as synaptic partners. Among different neuromodulators, purines, which are produced and released by microglia, have emerged as promising candidates to mediate interactions betwee...

Hippocampal CA3 is crucial for the formation of long-term associative memory. It has a heavily recurrent connectivity, and memories are thought to be stored as memory engrams in the CA3. However, despite its importance for memory storage and retrieval, spiking network models of the CA3 to date are relatively small-scale, and exist as only proof-of-concept models. Specifically, how neurogenesis ...