to reduce the storing space and handling costs for hay/straw bales, recompressing the original bales after adequate hay drying is recommended. in this project, a recompression machine was designed, constructed and evaluated. solidwork and nastran software were employed to model, and to analyze the stresses in the components of the machine, respectively. the components of the machine consisted o...

Two experiments determined effects of collection and preparation techniques on nutrient composition of masticate samples from esophageally fistulated cattle. In Exp. 1, 12 esophageally fistulated cattle were maintained on 2 precollection diets, high CP (24% CP; = 6) or low CP (7.7% CP; = 6), for 8 d. On d 9, the esophageal plug was removed, screen bottom bags were attached, and each cow was off...

Six mature sheep were fed restricted amounts of either a medium quality roughage or a 1 : 1 mixture of the roughage and barley grain. Disappearance of DM of three roughages (barley straw, oat hay and lucerne hay) from synthetic ®bre bags incubated in the rumen for 6 and 24 h was determined. Also, during intraruminal infusions of NH4C1, synthetic ®bre bags containing each of the three roughages ...

Angus and Wagyu steers consuming high-roughage diets exhibit large differences in adipose tissue fatty acid composition, but there are no differences in terminal measures of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) activity or gene expression. Also, adipose tissue lipids of cattle fed corn-based diets have greater MUFA:SFA ratios than cattle fed hay-based diets. We hypothesized that any changes in SCD gen...

Increasing the efficiency of utilization of fresh and preserved forage is a key target for ruminant science. Vitamin E is often used as additive to improve product quality but its impact of the rumen function is unknown. This study investigated the successional microbial colonization of ryegrass (GRA) vs. ryegrass hay (HAY) in presence of zero or 50 IU/d supplementary vitamin E, using a rumen s...

Previously, Thioploca ingrica had not been grown in the laboratory and observation of the organism was limited to specimens taken directly from natural mud samples. The method described here makes laboratory cultivation of T. ingrica in mixed culture possible. The medium consists of low concentrations of extracted hay, water, and mud with its natural bacterial flora. Four weeks after the hay an...

Some animals consuming hay treated with anhydrous ammonia have developed neurological signs including hyperexcitability, circling and convulsions. A series of experiments was conducted to identify tentatively the toxin and determine its mode of action. Three out of four sheep fed ammoniated orchardgrass hay (approximately 4% ammonia on a dry basis) developed convulsions. Two of the three sheep ...

Global demand for petroleum keeps increasing while traditional supplies decline. One alternative to the use of conventional crude oils is the utilization of Canadian bitumen. Raw bitumen is a dense, viscous, semi-liquid that is diluted with lighter crude oil to permit its transport through pipelines to terminals where it can then be shipped to global markets. When spilled, it naturally weathers...

Roundup-Ready® alfalfa was released in June of 2005, the first trait to be commercialized in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) using biotechnology. Traditional alfalfa varieties will likely be grown in close proximity to these new biotech varieties. While most users will probably not be sensitive to the presence of these varieties, other markets (particularly export and organic) will request hay tha...

Mutations in XPB and XPD TFIIH helicases have been related with three hereditary human disorders: xeroderma pigmentosum, Cockayne syndrome, and trichothiodystrophy. The dual role of TFIIH in DNA repair and transcription makes it difficult to discern which of the mutant TFIIH phenotypes is due to defects in any of these different processes. We used haywire (hay), the Drosophila XPB homolog, to d...