MCNP is the Monte Carlo N-Particle radiation transport code whose history dates back more than half a century to the early days of computing. From a simple beginning, its uses have grown to include fields such as criticality safety, radiation shielding, oil well logging, and medical imaging and diagnostics and an international user community of over 3000 users. This large user community could o...

Axial line placement is one step in a method known as space syntax which is used in town planning to analyse architectural structures. This is becoming increasingly important in the quickly growing urban world of today. The field of axial line placement is an area of space syntax that has previously been done manually which is becoming increasingly impractical. Research is underway to automate ...

Though Cyc is a formal ontology, the process of building it, over the past 22 years, has been a passionately empirical process. We have had several surprises along the way, some of them scientific, some engineering, and some sociological. For instance, the requirement to represent arbitrary pieces of commonsense knowledge led us, in the mid-1980’s, against our intuitions, to move to an increasi...

Lesbian and gay parenting is increasingly visible today in the media, in legal and policy debates, and in academic writings. Children and adolescents of gay and lesbian parents are also increasingly visible in their communities, their schools, and in the medical world. Social, cultural, and medical changes have made it possible for more women and men to have children outside traditional methods...

The push and pull provided by information technology and rapidly changing business demands have led to virtual work becoming increasingly important in organizations today. Virtual work can take the form of geographically distributed teams in supply chain to telecommuting to global project development teams. Virtuality is also an increasingly common characteristic of work communities, where indi...

ISP in more than four decades of its existence has strived to promote the art and science of Periodontology among the professionals and awareness about oral and periodontal health among public through its innovative programs. Right from the beginning, the President and office bearers of this great organization have worked hard to take society forward. The result of these efforts from humble beg...

Bladder augmentation was first described in 1899. The goal at the time was to establish the ideal method to create a simple capacious reservoir for the safe storage of urine. That simple idea has over the last 100 years grown into one of the most dynamic areas in Pediatric Urology. Creative minds and hands from individuals in multiple disciplines have led us from creating a reservoir to the thr...