In addition to lower carbon dioxide emissions, policies to reduce fossil fuel combustion can yield substantial air quality co-benefits via reduced emissions of copollutants such as particulate matter and air toxics. If co-pollutant intensity (the ratio of co-pollutant impacts to carbon dioxide emissions) varies across pollution sources, efficient policy design would seek greater emissions reduc...

In this paper we further explore and apply our recent anti-diffusive flux corrected high order finite difference WENO schemes for conservation laws [18] to compute the Saint-Venant system of shallow water equations with pollutant propagation, which is described by a transport equation. The motivation is that the high order anti-diffusive WENO scheme for conservation laws produces sharp resoluti...

Pollutant metals released to the environment disperse and interact in various ways before arriving at sensitive receptors. Modeling of pollutant behavior may be by time-dependent or time-independent means. The time-independent, exposure commitment method requires a less extensive data base and can begin with general associations between environmental concentrations or fluxes. Such assessments f...

In this paper, we investigate pollutant reduction policies under uncertainty. We assume that when an agent reduces quantity of a pollutant, it incurs costs. We consider two kinds of policies distinguished by their costs. One policy incurs proportional reduction cost (Case 1) and the other incurs fixed and proportional reduction costs (Case 2). To solve these problems, we formulate the agent’s p...

The irreversible hydrolysis of 1-chlorobutane to 1-butanol and HCl by lyophilized cells of Rhodococcus erythropolis NCIMB 13064, using a solid–gas biofilter, is described as a model reaction. 1-Chlorobutane is hydrolyzed by the haloalkane dehalogenase from R. erythropolis. A critical water thermodynamic activity (aw) of 0.4 is necessary for the enzyme to become active and optimal dehalogenase a...

Enzymes have a wide range of applications in different industries owing to their high specificity and efficiency. Immobilization is often used to improve biocatalyst properties, operational stability, and reusability. However, changes in the structure of biocatalysts during immobilization and under process conditions are still largely uncertain. Here, three microscopy techniques - bright-field,...

A procedure for the optimization of an unstructured first-order kinetics model of cyclically operated biological reactors for the biodegradation of a single pollutant is developed using a combination of analytical and numerical tools. Asymptotic analytical profiles for the substrate and biomass for each steady cycle are obtained that allows the formulation of an analytical design equation that ...

An allocation scheme of water pollutant reduction is the key procedure to implement a watershed total maximum daily load (TMDL) program. In order to improve the equity for the allocation scheme of water pollutant load reduction, five indexes involved in allocation processes were selected from fields associated with society, environment, economics, and resources. The weights of these indexes wer...