In this study, to remove the effects of topography and surface roughness to observed spectrum initially, a method using the normalised reflectance (pseudoreflectance) was employed. Then, we examined the removal of the vegetation effects (such as green vegetation and dry vegetation) and a method to estimate soil pseudo-reflectance spectrum, because the ground surface shows the mixture of soil an...

Kinetics of the neutral hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl chloroacetate was investigated in water and in the presence of 1 mol % of ethanol, propanol, and -butyl n alcohol without sonication and under ultrasound at 25 kHz. Similarly, the kinetics of the acid-catalysed hydrolysis of -propyl n acetate in ethanol–water binary solutions was investigated without sonication and under ultrasound at 22 kHz. ...

Rotationally resolved gas-phase absorption spectra of partially and fully deuterated linear seven-carbon chain radicals are presented in this article. The carbon-based molecules are generated in a supersonically expanding planar plasma by discharging a gas mixture of acetylene and deuterium-enriched acetylene in helium and argon. Spectra are recorded in direct absorption using cavity ring-down ...

Three magnetic-field induced heteronuclear Feshbach resonances were identified in collisions between bosonic 87Rb and fermionic 40K atoms in their absolute ground states. Strong inelastic loss from an optically trapped mixture was observed at the resonance positions of 492, 512, and 543+/-2 G. The magnetic-field locations of these resonances place a tight constraint on the triplet and singlet c...

Parkinson's disease is an environmentally influenced, neurodegenerative disease of unknown origin that is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta of the brain. Arsenic is an environmental contaminant found naturally in ground water, industrial waste, and fertilizers. The initial goal of the present study was to determine if a mixture o...

The mixed-valent radical cation of a styrylruthenium-modified meso-tetraarylzinc porphyrin forms a mixture of three different valence tautomers (VTs) in CH2Cl2 or 1,2-C2H4Cl2 solutions. One of these VTs has the charge and spin delocalized over the porphyrin and the styrylruthenium moieties, while the other two display charge and spin localization on just one of the different redox sites. The re...

In this paper we investigate the self-focusing of a Gaussian beam in a saturable nonlinear medium. We show that the dynamics of the incident Gaussian beam become progressively more complicated as the ratio of the Gaussian spot size to that of the ground-state solution is increased for a fixed energy flux. As this ratio is increased (or decreased) from unity, recurrence of the field is observed ...

Naturally-occurring organic material (NOM) in dissolved, colloidal and particulate forms is ubiquitous in surface and ground waters. NOM is a heterogeneous mixture of complex organic materials including humic substances, hydrophilic acids, proteins, lipids, carboxylic acids, polysaccharides, amino acids, and hydrocarbons [1]. The dissolved and colloidal forms (i.e., DOM) are the most problemati...