Folate, or vitamin B9, is an important compound in one-carbon metabolism. Previous studies have found weaker binding of dihydrofolate to dihydrofolate reductase in the presence of osmolytes. In other words, osmolytes are more difficult to remove from the dihydrofolate solvation shell than water; this shifts the equilibrium toward the free ligand and protein species. This study uses vapor-pressu...

Analyses of the free amino acids, quaternary amines, guanido compounds, nucleotides, nucleosides, and organic acids in extracts of tissues from 10 species of marine teleost fishes and 20 species of invertebrates are reported. With multidimensional scaling techniques, the relative concentrations of the above chemicals in fishes, molluscs, and crustaceans are shown to cluster into separate taxon-...

Compatible solutes such as glycine betaine and proline betaine serve as protein stabilizers because of their preferential exclusion from protein surfaces. To use extracellular sources of this class of compounds as osmo-, cryo-, or thermoprotectants, Bacteria and Archaea have developed high affinity uptake systems of the ATP-binding cassette type. These transport systems require periplasmic- or ...

Abstract Salinization of agricultural lands, particularly rice paddies, results in the drastic decline crop yields. Soil salinization impacts plant physiology by inducing salt stress which may leads to osmotic stress, ionic and water-related nutrient imbalance. These imbalances necessitate need for plants produce osmolytes including proline glycine betaine. This study aimed elucidate dynamic ch...

The extractive constituents, which are known as taste active components of fisheries products in many research works have been reviewed..This review found glutamate, glycine, alanine, arginine, proline, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, inosine 5’-monophosphate (IMP), adenosine 5’monophosphate (AMP), guanosine 5’-monophosphate (GMP), trimethylamine, trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), glyci...