aim : we aimed to develop a multiplex pcr assay for specific detection of epec and ehec pathotypes based on specific marker genes. background : about 2.5 million infant’s morbidity in developing countries occurs by e.coli pathotypes because of diarrhea and intestinal diseases. the traditional phenotypic methods are time consuming and sometimes detection and differentiation of the pathotypes are...

flaviviridae are viruses that cause several diseases including dengue fever, japanese encephalitis, murray valley encephalitis, tick-borne encephalitis, west nile encephalitis, yellow fever and hepatitis c virus infection. members of this family have monopartite, linear, single-stranded rna genomes of positive polarity, 9.6-12.3 kb in length. here, we have analyzed the codon usage of 13 species...

The transcription of mammalian genomes exhibits an intriguing complexity and numerous novel RNA molecules have been identified. Viruses with large DNA genomes, especially herpesviruses, generate many different species, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Dense viral can multigenic transcripts in addition to commonly observed antisense transcripts. It is essential study the biological role...

Materials and methods. Scientific literature to review was collected from the PubMed database (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov), some other publications were open internet sources. Results. Herein we represent a of current data for genetics regarding hybridization events human evolution. The paper reviews ancient interactions that had place 30-1000 thousands years ago could be detected by metho...

Instability is an intriguing characteristic of many protist genomes, and trypanosomatids are not exception in this respect. Some regions trypanosomatid genomes evolve fast. For instance, the mitochondrial (kinetoplast) genome consists fairly conserved maxicircle minicircle molecules that can, nevertheless, possess high nucleotide substitution rates between closely related strains. Recent experi...

The development of biotechnology has accelerated, especially during the past ten years, as a result massive amounts data generated by sequencing genomes and solution crystal structures. Future possibilities are given along with description bioinformatics education in India. In order to serve scientific community, Indian government made concerted effort build India's infrastructure 1980s. necess...

The Genomes 2000 meeting covered a broad range of organisms, with the emphasis being placed on microbes, in line with the interests of the Institut Pasteur and the ASM. The talks in the ®rst session gave a taster of some of the eagerly awaited eukaryote genomes, several of which are nearing completion. In the second session, a selection of bacterial genomes were described and contrasted with ea...

Abstract The task of eukaryotic genome annotation remains challenging. Only a few genomes could serve as standards achieved through tremendous investment human curation efforts. Still, the correctness all alternative isoforms, even in best-annotated genomes, be good subject for further investigation. new BRAKER2 pipeline generates and integrates external protein support into iterative process t...