To date, no study has found evidence that the U.S. Supreme Court is constrained by Congress in its constitutional decisions. We addressed the selection bias inherent in previous studies with a statute-centered, rather than a case-centered, analysis, following all congressional laws enacted between 1987 and 2000. We uncovered considerable congressional constraint in the Court’s constitutional ru...

In a new case on patients seeking medical services abroad, the Leichtle case, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) confirmed its previous rulings on patient mobility. According to the Court, patients in the European Union have a (conditional) right to receive health care abroad, whereas the sickness fund should reimburse the costs of treatment and travel expenditures. As such, the Court has stre...

The research deals with (the Jurisdictions of the Employees Judiciary Court and Appeal its Judgments) establishment in 2013 relationship this naming by name jurisdiction while was (Public Discipline Council), as has two types competences, first is consideration employee appeals administrative decisions related to civil service rights. second relates against disciplinary penalties. shows conditi...

After a traffic accident the damage has to be fairly divided among the parties involved, and a ratio has to be determined. There are many precedents for this, and judges have developed catalogues suggesting ratios for common types of accidents. The problem that "every case is different," however, remains. Many cases have familiar aspects, but also unfamiliar ones. Even if a case is composed of ...

In 1937 Asgeirsson established a mean value property for solutions of the general ultra-hyperbolic equation in 2 n variables. case four variables, it states that integrals solution over certain pairs conjugate circles are same. this paper we extend result to non-degenerate conics, which include original and adds new hyperbolae. The broader context is geometrization Fritz John's 1938 analysis eq...

The research is summarized in the works of rule ``textual indefinite general and its appearance it,'' which means if (from) added before negative indefinite, it transfers indication from presumption, to quotation interruption. On this basis, possible weigh statements based on texts, includes ruling learning teaching magic. As a dispute occurred among jurists nation regarding permissibility his ...

This paper revisits Neil Wrigley’s influential research that explored the corporate restructuring of the US food retail sector, which was characterised by a focus on the spatial implications of merger activity, market concentration and competition regulation. It assesses the importance of this scholarship in a contemporary context, tracking these competitive and regulatory trends from a decade ...

Obese employees have questionable legal status, in that there are no real direct legal protections under existing law. A random sample of 80 litigated obesity cases was analyzed in the present study. The frequencies, chi square analysis, and logistics regression model suggest case characteristics in which the employer prevails. Future directions are discussed, including the changing definition ...

The issue of marijuana, or more specifically delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is topical and controversial. It becomes apparent, at this writing, that marijuana will soon be legalized in Canada, in some form, and on some level, for recreational use. The possession of marijuana for medical purposes has already been enshrined in law, and reinforced by Supreme Court rulings. As such, it behooves...