The effect of the coupling between heterogeneous catalytic reactions supported by an ion transport membrane (ITM) and gas-phase chemistry on fuel conversion and oxygen permeation in ITM reactors is examined. In ITM reactors, thermochemical reactions take place in the gas-phase and on the membrane surface, both of which interact with oxygen permeation. However, this coupling between gas-phase an...

The interactions between oxygen permeation and homogeneous fuel oxidation reactions on the sweep side of an ion transport membrane (ITM) are examined using a comprehensive model, which couples the dependency of the oxygen permeation rate on the membrane surface conditions and detailed chemistry and transport in the vicinity of the membrane. We assume that the membrane surface is not catalytic t...

Ion transport membrane (ITM) based reactors have been suggested as a novel technology for several applications including fuel reforming and oxy-fuel combustion, which integrates air separation and fuel conversion while reducing complexity and the associated energy penalty. To utilize this technology more effectively, it is necessary to develop a better understanding of the fundamental processes...

Switching from coal-fired to natural gas-fired generation and increasing the thermal efficiency (energy generated per unit of energy burned) of fossil fuel fired electricity generation plants has been identified as ways of achieving meaningful emission reductions. In this study, we examine the fuel-price responsiveness across gas plant technologies and across the market structures in which the ...

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and International Fuel Cells Corporation conducted a test to verify the performance of a landfill gas treatment unit and a phosphoric acid fuel cell system. The complete system removes contaminants from landfill gas and produces electricity for on-site use or connection to an electric grid. The verification test was the first use of fuel cell techn...

The safe and economic operation of nuclear power plants (NPPs) requires that the behaviour and performance of the fuel can be calculated reliably over its expected lifetime. This requires highly developed codes that treat the nuclear fuel in a general manner and which take into account the large number of in uences on fuel behaviour, e.g. thermal, mechanical, chemical, etc. Although many mature...

In this study a pseudo comprehensive carbon footprint model for fossil fuel power plants is presented. Parameters which their effects are considered in this study include: plant type, fuel type, fuel transmission type, internal consumption of the plant, degradation, site ambient condition, transmission and distribution losses. Investigating internal consumption, degradation and site ambient con...

M anagement of livestock wastes can affect greenhouse gas emissions through attenuating both methane and nitrous oxide emissions, as well as by displacing carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel use that can be avoided through biogas production and use. Methane is naturally produced from the anaerobic decomposition of livestock manure and is a potent greenhouse gas with 21 times the greenhous...

news & views the eventual transition to homogenous 3ʹ,5ʹ-linked genetic material. T echnologies for generating electricity from renewable resources, such as sunlight and wind, are on a steady trajectory of falling cost. Within the next decade, solar electric power is expected to reach grid parity, the point at which its cost will be equivalent (on a per-watt basis) to that of power generated fr...