BACKGROUND Although thoracic vertebral malformations with kyphosis and scoliosis are often considered incidental findings on diagnostic imaging studies of screw-tailed brachycephalic breeds, they have been suggested to interfere with spinal biomechanics and intervertebral disc degeneration. It is however unknown if an abnormal spinal curvature also predisposes dogs to develop clinically relevan...

BACKGROUND The relation between knee meniscal structural damage and cartilage degradation is plausible but not yet clearly proven. OBJECTIVES To quantitate the cartilage volume changes in knee osteoarthritis using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and determine whether meniscal alteration predicts cartilage volume loss over time. METHODS 32 patients meeting ACR criteria for symptomatic knee...

introduction: complicated crown- root fractures, extended caries and iatrogenic destruction often result in insufficient sound tooth structures and compromise the biologic width. two common options for re-establishing flap with osseous surgery. although some advantages are related to these two options, but coronal movement of gingival and alveolar bone in orthodontic extrusion, esthetic problem...

Human teeth erupt naturally to compensate for tooth wear and tear. When a subgingival lesion such as crown fracture occurs, the general practitioner must consider orthodontic extrusion of the tooth to allow for prosthetic rehabilitation. However, because this therapeutic approach is not appropriate in all cases, each tooth must be carefully analyzed before treatment. The amount of force applied...

A classification scheme that systematizes the wide range of regenerative potential of common extraction site topographies is presented. Within this system, the parameters for immediate implant placement and preliminary ridge augmentation are discussed. In addition, a new adjunctive role for orthodontic extrusion is introduced. This approach is intended to manipulate "hopeless" teeth to modify t...

Complicated crown-root fractures account for a small percentage of traumatic dental injuries seen in children; however, management of these injuries can be very challenging to clinicians. Factors such as complexity of the injury, patient's age and dentition stage, patient's cooperation, and parental demands may have some bearing on the type of treatment undertaken and its outcomes. In some chil...

Innovations in material science and clinical techniques have expanded the number of treatment options available for nonvital anterior teeth. These options include the use of composite to fill the access opening with no additional treatment, crown placement, orthodontic extrusion, crown lengthening with or without orthodontic extrusion, dowel restorations with crown placement, and fixed bridge o...

Problem statement: The potential feeding values of grain legumes, such as peas (Pisum sativum), are limited because of the presence of anti-nutritional factors. In particular, protease inhibitors are of interest, but these can be readily destroyed by thermal treatments. In the present study, the influence of extrusion on the chemical composition and nutritive value of peas was evaluated. Approa...