We demonstrate that systems with a parameter-controlled inverse cascade can exhibit critical behavior for which at the critical value of the control parameter the inverse cascade stops. In the vicinity of such a critical point, standard phenomenological estimates for the energy balance will fail since the energy flux towards large length scales becomes zero. We demonstrate this using the comput...

The state of the art tools for modeling metabolism, typically used in the domain of metabolic engineering, were reviewed. The tools considered are stoichiometric network analysis (elementary modes and extreme pathways), stoichiometric modeling (metabolic flux analysis, flux balance analysis, and carbon modeling), mechanistic and approximative modeling, cybernetic modeling, and multivariate stat...

Ocean waves can spatiotemporally redistribute the momentum flux at air-sea interface, which varies with sea state. Traditional atmosphere-ocean coupled systems assume ocean-side stress (?oc) to be identical air-side (?a); consequently, role of ocean is neglected. In this study, wave impacts on are investigated based 1-year high-resolution model simulations in Baltic Sea using an atmosphere-wave...

A strategy is presented for scrutiny of the quasi-steady-state (QSS) approximation in metabolic modeling that involves tracking dynamic data on extracellular products in so-called flux, as well as yield vector spaces when the substrate uptake flux is perturbed sinusoidally about some average value with specified frequency and amplitude. Criteria accrue for the diagnosis of any violation (and it...

The dynamic behaviour of metabolic networks is determined by the kinetic properties and the cellular levels of the enzymes and transporters involved. Changes in the concentrations of enzymes can be assessed by proteomics measurements or – more indirectly – by gene expression analyses. However, a straightforward interpretation of such data with respect to metabolic functions of the cell is diffi...

Warming in northern high latitudes has changed the energy balance between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. This study evaluated changes in regional surface energy exchange in Alaska from 2000 to 2011 when substantial declines in spring snow cover due to spring warming and large-scale fire events were observed. Energy fluxes from a network of 20 eddy covariance sites were upscaled usin...

MOTIVATION Constraint-based metabolic modeling methods such as Flux Balance Analysis (FBA) are routinely used to predict metabolic phenotypes, e.g. growth rates, ATP yield or the fitness of gene knockouts. One frequent difficulty of constraint-based solutions is the inclusion of thermodynamically infeasible loops (or internal cycles), which add nonbiological fluxes to the predictions. RESULTS...