Goiter is a swelling or an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland. This gland causes lump in front region neck. Usually goiter harmless. But certain cases, it can cause some symptoms depending upon size and location enlargement. The butterfly shaped situated just below Adam’s apple It about 2 inches long. secretes hormones T3 T4. These regulate our metabolism way body uses energy. They also ...

introduction: our aim was to compare the cost effectiveness of holmium laser prostate enucleation (holep) versus trans-urethral resection of prostate. methods:  we searched all available databases for any controlled trials comparing holep and turp from january 2000 to february 2009. two independent reviewers studied and appraised the selected evidences. then, effectiveness and cost effectivenes...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this prospective study was to report the long-term risks of rotator cuff tear enlargement and symptom progression associated with degenerative asymptomatic tears. METHODS Subjects with an asymptomatic rotator cuff tear in one shoulder and pain due to rotator cuff disease in the contralateral shoulder enrolled as part of a prospective longitudinal study. Two hundred a...

introduction: fearless removal of tooth structure during canal preparation and shaping has negative effects on the prognosis of treatment. on the other hand, sufficient pre-enlargement facilitates exact measurement of the apical size. the present in vitro study aimed to compare the efficacy of gates-glidden drills, k3, protaper, flexmaster and race instruments in dentin removal during coronal f...

purpose:  to report a case of lymphangioma in the lacrimal gland. case report: a 6-year old boy with acute proptosis and inferonasal displacement of the globe was referred.  in ct-scan revealed a heterogenous enlargement of the lacrimal gland. steroid therapy did not lead to a significant improvement. during surgical exploration, a dark black liquid was extracted from the site of the lacrimal g...

Reliable reference genes (RGs) are of great significance for the normalization quantitative data. RGs often used as a to ensure accuracy experimental results detect gene expression levels by reverse transcription–quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). To evaluate normalized that suitable studying during process radish stele enlargement, based on functional annotations and fragment per kilobase t...

CONTEXT Brain enlargement has been observed in 2-year-old children with autism, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate early growth trajectories in brain volume and cortical thickness. DESIGN Longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study. SETTING Academic medical centers. PARTICIPANTS Fifty-nine children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 38 control chi...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Size of an unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA) may be an important risk factor for rupture. Accordingly, serial noninvasive imaging is commonly used to assess untreated UIA for enlargement. Few data exist regarding the frequency and predictors of enlargement. We obtained this information from a group of patients followed with serial MR angiography (MRA). METHODS We r...

Background. In patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), left atrial (LA) enlargement has been related to increased risk of sudden cardiac death. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is the method of choice in the assessment of LA size and volume. However, initial assessment of LA enlargement is often made by means of ECG criteria including P wave analysis in leads II and V1. The aim of the ...

Examination of the post-mortem records of 1,391 unselected cases showed that the commonest condition associated with excessive diffuse enlargement of the kidneys was chronic cor pulmonale. A less striking enlargement was found in some cases of chronic rheumatic heart disease.A hypothesis is put forward in which the renal enlargement is regarded as a work hypertrophy brought about by the kidneys...