Kinetic plasma disposition parameters and tissue distribution of ascorbic acid (AA) and dihydroascorbic acid (DHA) were determined in newborn calves. After a radiolabeled AA intravenous administration, the plasma clearance (Cl) was low (40.8 ± 9.5 ml ⋅ kg-1 ⋅ h-1), the steady-state volume of distribution (Vss) was very high (8.9 ± 2.2 l/kg), and the AA mean residence time (MRT) was long (230 ± ...

Tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA) is a brominated flame retardant (BFR) commonly used in electronics to meet fire safety standards and has the largest worldwide production of any BFR. TBBPA has been detected in human breast milk and maternal/cord serum, indicating exposure to mothers, fetuses, and breastfeeding newborns although exposure to fetuses and newborns is poorly understood. Pregnant or nur...

Three experiments were conducted to estimate the effects of single intramuscular (IM) administrations of vitamin E on blood plasma and tissue concentrations of alpha-tocopherol in sheep. In Expt 1, plasma kinetics of alpha-tocopherol in sheep (n 30) were investigated following IM administration of three doses (ten sheep/dose) of DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate, (20, 40 and 60 mg/kg live weight). Pl...

The excretion and tissue distribution kinetics of a novel antifolate, MX-68, were evaluated under conditions of a continuous steady-state infusion in Sprague-Dawley rats (SDRs). The biliary excretion clearance defined with respect to the hepatic concentration (CL(bile, h)) was much lower in Eisai hyperbilirubinemic rats with a hereditary deficiency in canalicular multispecific organic anion tra...

Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is the brominated flame retardant with the largest production volume worldwide. NTP 2-year bioassays found TBBPA dose-dependent increases in uterine tumors in female Wistar Han rats; evidence of reproductive tissues carcinogenicity was equivocal in male rats. To explain this apparent sex-dependence, the disposition and toxicokinetic profile of TBBPA were investigat...

The influence of renal failure on the disposition of morphine and its metabolites was studied in nine patients with end-stage renal failure undergoing transplantation, and compared with five healthy anaesthetized patients. All patients received morphine sulphate pentahydrate 10 mg i.v. over 30 s, as part of a balanced anaesthetic technique. Venous blood samples were collected for up to 24 h, an...

Aim: The objective of the present study was to study the disposition kinetics and dosage regimens of long acting moxifloxacin -1 following intravenous administration at the dose rate of 7.5 mg/kg b. wt. in six male sheep and to calculate dosage regimens of the same in sheep. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted using six healthy male sheep. Long acting Moxifloxacin solution (10 % moxi...

We evaluated the pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in serum (n = 6) and urine (n = 4) in goats following a single intravenous administration of 4 mg/kg body weight. The serum concentration-time curves of ciprofloxacin were best fitted by a two-compartment open model. The drug was detected in goat serum up to 12 h. The elimination rate constant (beta) and elimination half-life (t1/2beta) were 0....

Objective: The study was planed to see bioavailability and disposition kinetics of amoxicillin in adult rabbits (irrespective of sex) under healthy and induced febrile conditions. Design: Comparative Place and duration of study: Study was conducted at the department of pharmacology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore from January 2003 to July 2003. Methodology: Initially all r...

To document the disposition of hexarelin, a peptidyl growth hormone secretagogue, male Sprague-Dawley rats received a 5-microg/kg bolus i.v. dose or three single s.c. doses of 5, 10, and 50 microg/kg. To assess hexarelin tissue distribution and excretion, rats were given 1 microg/kg of [(3)H]hexarelin (9.4 Ci/mmol). Metabolism of [(3)H]hexarelin was assessed in bile duct-exteriorized rats given...