The purpose of the present study is to determine the limits of overhead radiation to which man in thermal neutrality can be exposed without feeling discomfort . Thermal neutrality for a person is defined as a condition in which he prefers neither a higher nor a lower ambient temperature level . Thermal neutrality is a necessary condition for a person to attain thermal comfort . However, this co...

A previous time-series study showed that rapidly repeating a single-word version of a negative self-referential thought reduced the discomfort and the believability associated with that thought. The present parametric study examined whether durations of word repetition were differentially effective in altering the discomfort and believability of negative self-referential thought. In two studies...

Grating patterns can cause discomfort and perceptual distortions. Individuals who experience discomfort and are susceptible to these distortions generally show weaker accommodation than those who are less susceptible. We measured the accommodative response to grating patterns known to differ in the discomfort they evoke because of differences in their colour, motion, or spatial frequency. The p...

This paper aims to investigate the effect of acceleration on the discomfort of standing passengers. The acceleration levels from different public rail transport lines such as the mass rapid transits (MRTs) and light rail transits (LRTs) of Singapore, as well as the associated qualitative data indicating the discomfort of standing passengers are collected and analyzed. Based on a logistic regres...

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) examinations in the NICU are necessary to protect vision in premature infants, but the examinations are associated with risk and discomfort. ROP examination risks include adverse effects from mydriatic agents, systemic responses to the stress of examination, and nosocomial infection. Infant discomfort may be lessened by limiting examination length and possibly b...

An objective measure that will predict discomfort reliably, and which can be used at an early stage in the development of a vehicle and its seating, would have the potential to reduce the prevalence of musculoskeletal problems associated with driving. This paper reports on an extended road trial study to further investigate the potential value of pressure distribution data in the prediction of ...

Regional activation of the brain was studied in humans using functional magnetic resonance imaging during whole body cooling that produced thermal comfort/discomfort. Eight normal male subjects lay in a sleeping bag through which air was blown, exposing subjects to cold air (88C) for 22 min. Each subject scored their degree of thermal comfort and discomfort every min. As the subjects reported m...

Visual discomfort has been reported for certain visual stimuli and under particular viewing conditions, such as stereoscopic viewing. In stereoscopic viewing, visual discomfort can be caused by a conflict between accommodation and convergence cues that may specify different distances in depth. Earlier research has shown that depth-of-field, which is the distance range in depth in the scene that...

It is well established that there are two main aspects to glare, the visual impairment and the discomfort, known as disability and discomfort glare, respectively. In contrast to the case of disability glare we understand very little about the underlying mechanisms or physiology of discomfort glare. This study attempts to elucidate the neural mechanisms involved using fMRI and glare sources with...

BACKGROUND Although upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy is highly sensitive for the detection of esophago-gastroduodenal lesions, pain and discomfort during the procedure cause examinees to experience stress and anxiety. Moreover, there have been only a few studies on relief of pain and discomfort during UGI endoscopy through preparatory interventions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to...