Aim: Stressful conditions affect drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. This study examines the effect of hydrogen peroxide (H O ) in drinking water on the pharmacokinetics of diazepam in a chick model of oxidative stress. 2 2 Materials and Methods: Day old chicks were either provided with plane tap water (control group) or H O in tap water as 2 2 0.5% v/v drinking solution for two weeks i...

The clinical anticonvulsant efficacy of single dose rectal and oral administration of diazepam 20 mg was examined in two double-blind placebo-controlled trials in adult epileptic patients. All subjects suffered from drug resistant epilepsy and frequently experienced serial seizures. Diazepam was administered rectally as a new experimental suppository formulation immediately after a seizure and ...

The actions of diazepam and its p-chloro-derivative Ro 5-4864 were compared on mouse spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion neurons in cell culture. Diazepam enhanced but Ro 5-4864 reduced iontophoretic GABA responses in a concentration-dependent manner. Both diazepam and Ro 5-4864 limited sustained, high frequency repetitive firing of spinal cord neurons but diazepam was more potent. Ro 5-4864 w...

A double-blind study of the effects of diazepam as an adjuvant to propanidid anaesthesia for legal abortion has shown that the incidence of nausea and vomiting was significandy reduced as a result of giving diazepam, and that, in general, the conditions of anaesthesia were more acceptable widi diazepam. The diazepam group had a prolongation of the time to recovery of consciousness but this was ...

Diazepam did not alter the rate or rhythm in III patients with atrial fibrillation. In 3 out of 38 patients with atrial flutter the use of diazepam was followed by an increase in atrioventricular block. Diazepam restored sinus rhythm in I patient with atrial tachycardia (total 7 patients) and in I patient with ventricular tachycardia (total 8 patients). Experimentally in the dog diazepam raised...

Fifteen out of 18 "pink and puffing" patients completed a double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial of diazepam and promethazine for breathlessness and reduced exercise tolerance. Dosages were 25 mg and 125 mg daily, respectively, and each course lasted two weeks. Patients with psychiatric or other major medical histories were excluded. Of the three patients who did not complete the tri...

Specific [3H]phenytoin binding in rat cortical membranes is associated with a micromolar affinity site through which diazepam can exert an enhancing effect. In contrast to diazepam, (+)bicuculline, isoguvacine and pentobarbital inhibited phenytoin binding, while GABA and (-)baclofen had no effect. Decreased phenytoin binding and a loss of the diazepam effect were observed in phospholipase A2-tr...

The independent and combined effects of L-arginine (840 mg/kg) and diazepam (0.75 mg/kg) pretreatment (30 min) were tested on ammonium chloride (400 mg/kg)-induced convulsions in rats. Ammonia concentrations were determined in blood and brain regions (cerebral cortex, brain stem and cerebellum) 30 min after L-arginine or diazepam treatment. Ammonia concentrations were measured at the time of in...

CONTEXT The optimal pharmacologic treatment for early convulsive status epilepticus is unclear. OBJECTIVE To analyze efficacy, tolerability and safety data for anticonvulsant treatment of children and adults with convulsive status epilepticus and use this analysis to develop an evidence-based treatment algorithm. DATA SOURCES Structured literature review using MEDLINE, Embase, Current Conte...

Chronic benzodiazepine treatment can produce tolerance and changes in g-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptors. To study the effect of treatment on a selected population of receptors, assays were performed using [H]RY-80, which is selective for GABAA receptors with an a5 subunit. Rats were given a flurazepam treatment known to produce tolerance and down-regulation of benzodiazepine binding, or a d...