Mitochondria play a fundamental role in the regulation of cell death during accumulation of oxidants. High concentrations of atmospheric oxygen (hyperoxia), used clinically to treat tissue hypoxia in premature newborns, is known to elicit oxidative stress and mitochondrial injury to pulmonary epithelial cells. A consequence of oxidative stress in mitochondria is the accumulation of peroxides wh...

Our studies in yeast show that there is an essential requirement for either an active thioredoxin or an active glutathione (GSH)-glutaredoxin system for cell viability. Glutathione reductase (Glr1) and thioredoxin reductase (Trr1) are key regulatory enzymes that determine the redox state of the GSH-glutaredoxin and thioredoxin systems, respectively. Here we show that Trr1 is required during nor...

Petra Langlotz, Wolfgang Wagner, and Hartmut Follmann Fachbereich Chemie der Philipps-Universität, Biochemie, Hans-Meerwein-Straße. D-3550 Marburg, Bundesrepublik Deutschland Z. Naturforsch. 41c, 979—987 (1986); received August 1/September 19, 1986 Am ino Acid Composition, A lgae, Ribonucleotide Reductase, Scenedesmus obliquus, Thio­ redoxin A comprehensive thioredoxin profile of Scenedesmus ob...

Selenium compounds like selenite and selenate have strong inhibitory effects, particularly on mammalian tumor cell growth by unknown mechanisms. We found that the addition of sodium selenite and sodium selenate inhibited the growth of human 3B6 and BL41 lymphocytes. Selenite was more potent because 10 microM selenite produced a growth inhibitory effect similar to that of 250 microM selenate. Th...

Thioredoxin reductase (TrxB) is a flavoprotein which acts as an integral part of Thioredoxin (Trx) system. This Trx system produces reducing equivalent in various oxidation-reduction reaction which ultimately targets in various metabolic processes inside cell. TrxB must be playing role in combating various stress conditions confronted by Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) inside its host. The aim was ...

Energetic nutrients are oxidized to sustain high intracellular NADPH/NADP+ ratios. NADPH-dependent reduction of thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) disulfide and glutathione disulfide by thioredoxin reductase-1 (TrxR1) and glutathione reductase (Gsr), respectively, fuels antioxidant systems and deoxyribonucleotide synthesis. Mouse livers lacking both TrxR1 and Gsr sustain these essential activities using an N...

Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is an enzyme that involved in many metabolic pathways from detoxification to reduction of radicals by catalyzing the thioredoxin, and therefore associated with physiological processes, including cancer. Inhibitors this are considered anticancer targets. In past studies, some antidepressants have been found effects through various mechanisms, reuse as drugs has attra...

Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is a member of the pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family of the flavoenzymes. It can use a dithiol-disulfide active-site to transfer reducing equivalents from NADPH to thioredoxin (Trx), via the cofactor FAD. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the cytoplasmic thioredoxin reductase Trr1 plays an important role in multiple cellular events under the control of ...

on either DEAE cellulose or Sephacryl S-200. About 80% of the reductase was one form in the chloroplast and the rest was a second form in the cytosol as determined by chromatography and by fractionation of subcellular organelles. The amount of activity detectable in the chloroplast fraction was 10.7 micromoles of dihydroxyacetone phosphate reductase per hour per milligram chlorophyll from spina...

Osteosarcoma (OS) accounts for 56% of malignant bone cancers in children and adolescents. Patients with localized disease rarely develop metastasis; however, pulmonary metastasis occurs in approximately 50% of patients and leads to a 5-year survival rate of only 10-20%. Therefore, identifying the genes and pathways involved in metastasis, as new therapeutic targets, is crucial to improve long-t...